Medicines mind-altering drugs.

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Presentation transcript:

medicines mind-altering drugs

mind-altering drugs lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline, psilocybin, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (found in cannabis/marijuana)

Effects of LSD, mescaline, psilocybin All three cause hallucinations i.e. hearing of voices and seeing of images (perceptions) which appear realistic but which do not exist. This is because they disrupt the activity of the neurotransmitter serotonin which is involved in the processing of hearing and sight in the brain. In addition, each hallucinogenic also causes their own effects.

similarities in structure All three contain benzene ring amine group

differences LSD (derivative from lysergic acid) mescaline (natural psychedelic in cactus) psilocybin (natural psychedelic in mushrooms) Unpredictable mood swings Hypertension Impaired judgement Effects of LSD may be experienced a year or more later after last use i.e. “flashbacks”. Nausea Trembling Liver damage Reduced appetite Feelings of relaxation Develop tolerance Sense of well-being

LSD indole ring = a benzene ring to which is attached (fused) a five-membered ring with a nitrogen atom and a double carbon-carbon bond amide 2 alkene - double bonds A tertiary amine and a secondary amine Identify both chiral carbons!!

mescaline no indole ring primary amine ether (3 groups)

psilocybin indole ring secondary amine has an ionic end/tertiary amine ion a phosphate group

effects of cannabis The active ingredient in cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and this has the following effects: changes in visual perceptions confusion depressed CNS sense of floating loss of inhibitions euphoria mental relaxation

tetrahydrocannabinol phenol group, ether double carbon- carbon bond

legalize yes no no more or less damaging than other ‘legal’ drugs e.g. alcohol, tobacco offers pain relief from certain diseases such as AIDS and cancer relieves nausea in chemotherapy relieves tension and anxiety in terminally ill patients helps decrease pressure inside eyeball in patients suffering from glaucoma better control of quality of cannabis reduction of crime harmful effects: may suppress immune system respiratory ailments reduces ability to drive causes dependence the possibility of cannabis users moving on to harder drugs.