Medical Careers Ms. Bystrom Urinary System Medical Careers Ms. Bystrom

Functions Excretion: removing waste from blood Secretion: separation of certain materials from the blood Elimination: emptying urine from the bladder

Organs of the Urinary System Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra

Two-bean shaped organs located high in the abdominal cavity Kidneys Two-bean shaped organs located high in the abdominal cavity

External Kidneys Covered by a tough fibrous capsule Hilum: concave border where the renal artery enters and renal vein and ureter exit

Internal Kidney Divided into two sections: Medulla: triangular shaped wedges that separate and remove waste products from blood Calyces: areas where waste is emptied Cortex: smooth areas around medulla

Nephrons The filtering unit of the kidneys Function: Over 1 million per kidney Resembles a funnel with a long, twisted tail Function: filtration: everything in blood is filtered out Reabsorption: returns useful substances to bloodstream Secretion: gets rid of waste

The nephron unit

Structures of the Nephron Bowman’s capsule: The hard, hollow capsule located on top of each nephron Glomerulus: cluster of capillaries located inside of each capsule

The sections of the Nephron

Ureters Long, slender muscular tubes attached to each kidney, leading to the urinary bladder

Ureters Peristalsis: wave-like muscular contractions that move urine down the ureter into the bladder Calculi: stones that form in the renal pelvis and are washed down the ureter with urine

Urinary bladder Collapsible bag of muscular tissue that expands to serve as a reservoir for urine

Urethra Tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body Sphincters: donut-shaped muscles that permit voluntary control of bladder function.

Define These Urinary Terms Dysuria Polyuria Oliguria Pyuria Nocturia Hematuria

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Define: Cystitis Urethritis Nephritis

Tests Performed Urinalysis: test performed on urine to determine its characteristics C & S: culture and sensitivity; test performed to see if bacteria is resistant or sensitive to certain meds

Tests Performed Lithotripsy: use of shockwaves to crush stones Dialysis: mechanical process of removing waste from blood normally removed by kidneys