SWBAT: Review major unit concepts for summative assessment

 A trophic level is the position occupied by an organism in a food chain.  Producers (also called Autotrophs) are found at the base of the pyramid and compromise the first trophic level. These make their food from the sun.  Primary consumers make up the second trophic level.  Secondary consumers make up the third trophic level.  Finally tertiary consumers make up the top trophic level.

 Apex Predators- Top Carnivores in an ecosystem. They have no natural predators.  Carnivores- Eat only meat (animals)  Herbivores- Eat only plants  Omnivores- Eat both plants and animals  Consumers are also known as Heterotrophs because they cannot make their own food  As energy moves through the food chain, less becomes available for the next level.

Genetic diversity Allows individuals to adapt to different conditions. Species diversity Species diversity is the variety of species (group of interbreeding organisms) in a particular habitat or ecosystem. Ecosystem diversity Ecosystem diversity describes the variation in all living and non-living things in a particular geographic or ecological region.

Ecology- The study of living things and their environments. Organism – An individual Population – Individuals of the same species Community – Different populations in one location Ecosystem – Community of populations and their interactions with the environment (abiotic factors)

 Biotic Factors are all living things in an ecosystem. Examples include plants and animals.  Abiotic Factors are all the NON-LIVING factors in an ecosystem. Examples include dirt, oxygen, water, rocks, sand, sunlight, etc.  Spatial Distribution of populations can be UNIFORM (Evenly spread out), RANDOM (No Pattern), OR CLUMPED (Small Groups)

Population growth rate *The human population is currently around 7 billion people How fast a given population grows ◦ Factors that influence this are:  Natality (birthrate)  Mortality (deathrate)  Emigration (moving into a habitat)  Immigration (moving out of a habitat) The maximum amount of organisms in a population that can be sustained in an Ecosystem is called the Carrying Capacity.

Review Questions Review Questions (This will be graded as a open book quiz) 1.List the 3 types of biodiversity 2.Explain how the sun is the main source of energy for the Earth. 3.What are the 4 main population limiting factors? 4.Give 3 examples of abiotic factors in an environment. 5.Identify a carnivore, omnivore and herbivore in an ocean ecosystem. 6.Define carrying capacity. 7.Compare and contrast Autotroph and Heterotroph. 8.How is a population different from a community? 9.How is an apex predator different from a “normal” carnivore? 10.Why don’t we pay attention to Ms. Politano the first time she tries to teach us things?