Institute of Power Engineering Thermal Processes Department ul. Augustówka 5, Warszawa, tel/fax (022) FUEL CELLS AT THE INSTITUTE OF POWER ENGINEERING Tomasz Golec Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation Warsaw, 7th- 8th October 2004

Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation Warsaw, 7th- 8th October 2004 Institute of Power Engineering Research and scientific activities in the branch of thermal and electrical power engineering Established in 19553, 400 employees

Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation Warsaw, 7th- 8th October 2004 Thermal Processes Department Optimisation of combustion process in utility boilers using numerical simulation, laboratory investigation, and measurements of the boilers. In last years, following EU and Polish energy policies, the attention of IEn has shifted from the traditional energetic systems to new technologies, like biomass utilization for biogas production, biofuels, fuels cells, and combination both of them with gas turbines. IEn in close collaboration with other Polish partners (universities and gas supplier) has already started development of materials, components, designing stack and system for stationary applications of fuel cells. Also biomass gasification research has been started within founds obtained from Ministry of Scientific Research and Information Technology.

Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation Warsaw, 7th- 8th October 2004 The fuel cells development at IEn is mainly focused on the planar option of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) technology. Targeted application  stationary application using biomass gases and natural gas/ reformats of the coal processing. IEn is actually involved in the development of the first generation SOFC cells - Electrolyte Supported Cells- ESC for the temperature operation of 850 o C. The next step will be the second generation of SOFC cells - Anode Supported Cells - ASC for the temperature operation of 750 o or below.

Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation Warsaw, 7th- 8th October 2004 The whole research effort on the SOFC technology (pilot plant) is allocated at the IEn ceramic division ZC CEREL in Boguchwala near Rzeszow.

Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation Warsaw, 7th- 8th October 2004 Electrical performance testing facilities together with the biomass facilities are located in Warsaw at the Thermal Processes Department

Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation Warsaw, 7th- 8th October 2004 Plans for near future IEn plans to start with the development of the intermediate temperature SOFC for the temperature of operation o C (Metal Supported FC – MSFC) in the near future. This task will be performed in a close co-operation with other Polish R&D institutes /universities and we are looking for the international collaboration in this field (inside the present call for proposals of the 6 th Framework Programme). IEn will focus also on the generation and application of the biomass gases for fuelling of the distributed network of the SOFC stations.

Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation Warsaw, 7th- 8th October 2004 Long term R&D strategy 1.To start design, construction and testing of a small demo SOFC stack of 1-2 kW power (electrical and heat) in the short time perspectives (3-5 years). This task will be done in a close collaboration with other Polish partners (universities, institutes and industrial companies). The works on interconnect metal plates, seals, conductive coatings and construction design will be distributed among different partners. The international collaboration in this field is welcome from French and German partners. As a result of this efforts it is expected to built a demo central heating/electrical unit for testing the performance and corrosion problems of the unit fuelled by biomass gases. 2.To continue the work on the scale-up of such demo SOFC installation to 5-20 kW system and later, even up to 200 kW system, during the next 10 years and finally to bring it to a full commercialisation phase This task will be done in a close collaboration with other Polish and European partners. IEn foresees its involvement in this project by a close co-operation inside an European consortium dedicated specifically to this development or by a strategic partnership with one of the European industrial partner having a strong support of the national government and EC. IEn believes that the European consortium will benefit from the still low labour cost in Poland, what combined with the good knowledge and enthusiasm of Polish scientists and engineers should benefit in the development of a cheap, reliable, robust, and long term operating SOFC system to be competitive by price and quality with other products of world fuel cells manufacturers.

Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation Warsaw, 7th- 8th October 2004 IEn plans are ambitious, but goals can be achieved by joint research and integration of research potential. Actually IEn is involved in several projects supporting such approach. BIOFUCEL – Maria Curie ToK project – (EU 6 FP) Development of solid oxide fuel cells technology for stationary applications based on biomass gasification and natural gas ZSE – Polish Scientific Network „Sustainable Energy Systems” Sub-network FUEL CELLS - (KBN), ENFUGEN – SSA project (EU 6 FP) ENLARGING FUEL CELLS AND HYDROGEN RESEARCH CO-OPERATION CENERG – AM project (EU 5 FP) Integration Centre for Central Europe for Research in Energy Supply from Fossil Fuels and Renewable Sources Polish Association of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells

Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation Warsaw, 7th- 8th October 2004 Fuel cells R&D activity at IEn is supported by project BIOFUCEL Development of solid oxide fuel cells technology for stationary applications based on biomass gasification and natural gas project financed within 6 FP Maria Curie Action (Transfer of Knowledge scheme ). The main project objective is to increase the long term research capacity of the Institute of Power Engineering (IEn) by development and establishing a new competence in the fuel cells combined with the biomass gasification. This will enable IEn transition from present energy coal-related research to investigation of sustainable energy systems The IEn will invite senior researchers for a transition period of up 4 years to help in the development and maturing of the SOFC technology at home. IEn researchers will go to the EU laboratories for up-dating their knowledge and experience in the subject of biomass gasification Project partners Royal University of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany

Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation Warsaw, 7th- 8th October 2004 ENFUGEN ENLARGING FUEL CELLS AND HYDROGEN RESEARCH CO-OPERATION. Strategic objectives addressed In European scenario, the fuel cells market is quickly moving forward and the forthcoming hydrogen economy is on the horizon, but there is still a great discrepancy between the member states and new member countries as far as this specific sector is concerned. Polish, Slovak and Czech R&D infrastructures are strongly interested to contribute and support the research in the hydrogen energy field. However, the lack of necessary know-how and experience in the formulation and financing of research projects, still do not permit them, to fully reap the benefits of the 6th FP. For this reason, international cooperation and exchange of expertise with the researchers from the member states is essential, “being information and communication, the basis to build strong partnerships in research projects.1” To encourage maximum participation in FP6 thematic priority area 6.1 “Sustainable Energy Systems” the ENFUGEN projectl will support further research and development in fuel cell and hydrogen technology, in Poland, Czech and Slovak Republic, facilitating greater co-operation between the researchers in the targeted countries and in the Member States. The project is during financial negotiations.

Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation Warsaw, 7th- 8th October 2004 Scientific Network SUSTAINABLE NERGEY SYSTEMS „ENERGY FUTURE” An initiative to organize scientific network Sustainable Energy Systems was undertaken together with Polish National Contact Point for EU Programmes. The network was erected on the basis of Polish centres of excellence financed within 5 th FP and working in energy related research. The main goal of this Scientific Network is consolidation and integration of Polish and foreign research units and mapping of scientific research potential.  The network and its programme have been accepted by the State Committee for Scientific Research (KBN)  Programme for the years 2004 to 2006 and financing from KBN for 2004 and 2005  The network is obliged to change into International Scientific Network  Open structure – at present 58 members from Poland  Steering Committee consists of coordinators of Sub-Network

Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation Warsaw, 7th- 8th October 2004 Energy Storage Scientifi c Network ZSE New Materials for Energy Polygeneration Ecobuildings Socio-economic Research National Contact Point Electric Energy Hydrogen Fuel Cells Photovoltaic Biomass European Commission Ministry of Scientific Research and Information Technology RES Integration Wind Energ y The network has been organised into sub-networks regarding to specific interest of particular research teams

Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation Warsaw, 7th- 8th October 2004 LIST OF MEMEBRES OF FUEL CELLS SUB-NETWORK Research TeamRepresentativeResearch Organisation 1. CENERGTomasz Golec Instytut Energetyki 2. CEPHOMAFranciszek KrokPolitechnika Warszawska, Wydział Fizyki 3. CLEANERPASBrunon GrochalInstytut Maszyn Przepływowych PAN 4. COMECOAndrzej Boguslawski Politechnika Częstochowska, Instytut Maszyn Cieplnych 5. ENERGOMATKrzysztof RożniatowskiPolitechnika Warszawska, Wydział Inżynierii Materiałowej 6. GIGJan RogutGłówny Instytut Górnictwa 7. HERCULESZbigniew GebhardtInstytut Górnictwa Naftowego i Gazownictwa 8. MALETGrzegorz PaściakInstytut Elektrotechniki Wrocław 9. MIUETadeusz Chmielniak Politechnika Śląska, Instytut Maszyn i Urządzeń Energetycznych 10. NEESTPiotr Tomczyk Międzywydziałowy Zespół `Badawczy AGH 11. NOVUMLeszek SuskiInstytut Chemii Fizycznej PAN, Kraków 12. PROCOCzesław PawlaczykInstytut Fizyki Molekularnej PAN 13. RECEPOLGrzegorz WiśniewskiEC BREC/IBMER 14. SELIBATJanina MolendaAkademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, Wydział Inżynierii Materiałowej i Ceramiki, Katedra Fizykochemii Ciała Stałego