Mr. Williams 10th Grade U.S. History FDR and the New Deal Mr. Williams 10th Grade U.S. History

How did Hoover react to the struggles of Americans during the Depression? What does his idea of “rugged individualism” mean? What was the Bonus Army? Why did Roosevelt think this “gave him the election”?

Public Works Government funded building projects What is the purpose? Hoover Dam-1931 provides hydro-electric power to parts of Nevada, Arizona, and California

“I assert that modern society, acting through its Government, owes the definite obligation to prevent the starvation or the dire want of any of its fellow men and women who try to maintain themselves but cannot.” -FDR 10/13/32

FDR and the People Appealing blend of cheerfulness, optimism, and confidence Fireside Chats: Radio addresses meant to sound as though Roosevelt were in the listener’s living room

The Hundred Days Period of Government activity when Roosevelt pushed Congress to put in place his New Deal 1.) Relief for those suffering the effects of the Great Depression

CCC: Civilian Conservation Corps-planting trees, improving parks while living in camps with families Public Works: Government-funded building projects to provide jobs

2.) Recovery of the depressed economy Bank Holiday (closed) Emergency Banking Act Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) government payment to grow fewer crops

•National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) mandated that businesses in the same industry cooperate with each other to set prices and levels of production • Also encouraged a minimum wage and less hours for workers

3.) Reforms that would help prevent serious economic crises in the future Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Provided government insurance for depositor’s savings Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Government watchdog over nation’s stock market

What was the New Deal? What were the “Three Rs”? Describe what these Three Rs were trying to do…..

Deficit Spending Deficit: Occurs when government spends more money than it takes in from taxes and other incomes John Maynard Keynes: Argued that deficit spending could provide jobs and stimulate the economy: 1938 signs of rebound

The Second Hundred Days Second New Deal: Congress passed laws extending government oversight of the banking industry and raised taxes on the wealthy Also funded new relief programs for struggling people

Works Progress Administration (WPA) Employed 8.5 million people Workers built roads, subways, airports, even zoos Recorded oral histories and created artwork in public buildings

Women and the New Deal Eleanor Roosevelt: 1st First Lady to play an active role in politics Anti-lynching campaign, wrote her own newspaper, women’s rights, civil rights, etc.

Frances Perkins: Secretary of Labor: First woman to head an executive department Played leading role in New Deal especially with Social Security BUT, men still paid higher wages and had more work opportunities as part of the New Deal

Black Cabinet Government officials who served as unofficial advisers to FDR under the leadership of Mary McLeod Bethune As a result of Roosevelt’s efforts, African Americans voted for him in great numbers during the 1936 Election

Lasting Impacts Minimum Wage, FDIC, SEC, TVA, Social Security, NLRB, etc. Hundred Days now a benchmark for all Presidents Government’s role has expanded to ensure economic stability

Social Security Provides a pension (regular payments) for many people age 65 years and older Now many retired workers no longer need to fear hunger and homelessness once they are too old to work

FDR and Labor Wagner Act: Outlawed a number of anti-labor practices such as the creation of company-sponsored unions Established a National Labor Relations Board (NRLB)

Congress of Industrial Organization CIO: John L. Lewis led this group which broke away from the AFL DIFFERENCE: Invited all workers not just skilled to join including African Americans and Women

Sit-Down Strike Requires strikers to stay a factory day and night until dispute is resolved GM strike in Flint, Michigan Result: GM officially recognized the UAW-CIO