Stone Mountain

Gorge

Providence Canyon, GA

Appalachian Mountains

Sand Mountain

Sink-Holes

Beaches

Cumberland Plateau

Lookout Mountain last battle of Cherokees

Mississippi River

Constructive and Destructive Forces

What are Constructive and Destructive Forces? Constructive Force A constructive force is a process that raises or builds up the surface features of the Earth. Anything that adds or builds up Destructive Force A destructive force is a process that lowers or tears down the surface features of the Earth. Anything that subtracts or breaks down

What Are Surface Features? Surface features are landforms and bodies of water that cover the Earth’s surface such as: mountains valleys canyons gorges beaches sand dunes barrier Islands flood-plains moraines and drumlins volcanoes oceans lakes rivers

What are Constructive and Destructive Forces?

What are Constructive and Destructive Forces? Constructive Force Deposition Volcanoes Crust Deformation Plate Tectonics Earthquakes Biological! Destructive Force Weathering Erosion Volcanoes Plate Tectonics Earthquakes Biological!

Introduction to Topographic Maps

“Real World” Contour Map

Topographic Maps Contour Line – - line on a map that connects points of EQUAL elevation. - show elevation and shape of the land

Topographic Maps Contour Interval – difference in elevation between each line. MUST be equal spacing. Contour interval = 20 feet 580 560 540 520

Topographic Maps Index Contour – Usually every 5th line is printed darker and has an elevation printed on it.

Closely Spaced Contours Steeper Slope (Gradient) – contour lines are closer together.

Wide Spaced Contours Gradual/Gentle Slope (Gradient) – contour lines are farther apart.

We build with… Constructive forces!!

Constructive Forces Deposition Volcanoes Crust Deformation Plate Tectonics Biological

Constructive Forces Stream Deposition Creates : Floodplains and Deltas As a river moves it picks up sediment and carries it away When that water slows down the sediment drops and is deposited Creates : Floodplains and Deltas

Constructive Forces

Constructive Forces Glacial Deposits As glaciers move they scrap up huge amounts of sediment and deposit it where they end Creates : Moraine (long, low hill), Karnes (small hills)

Constructive Forces http://videos.howstuffworks.com/howstuffworks/52212-glacier-national-park-montana-video.htm

Constructive Forces Wind Deposit Wave Deposit Creates : Sand Dunes Creates : Beaches, sand bars, barrier islands

Constructive Forces

Constructive Forces Volcanoes Crust Deformation Creates : Islands, New Igneous Rock Crust Deformation Creates : Hills and Valleys (folding) Cliffs (faults)

Constructive Forces

Constructive Forces Plate Tectonics Biological Creates : Mountains, Trenches, Volcanoes (convergent) Mid-Ocean Ridge, New Rock (divergent) Gorges, Cracks (transform) Biological Creates : Lakes, Rivers http://animals.howstuffworks.com/28363-fooled-by-nature-beaver-dams-video.htm

Convergent

Constructive Forces

Destructive Okay FIRST, we need to define something Weathering – the process that breaks down land features into smaller pieces Ex. Rain, Acid rain, Wind, Tornadoes, Floods, etc… Erosion – the process of moving the sediment from one location to another Ex. Rivers and Streams, Wind, Glaciers, anything that carries the sediment

Destructive Weathering & Erosion Volcanoes Creates : Canyons, Rivers, Lakes, Gorges Volcanoes Creates : Craters

Destructive

Destructive Plate Tectonics Creates : Trench Destroys : Old rock

Destructive