Monatomic Ions Variable and Fixed

Fixed Variable

Why is it important to know common oxidation states? What happens when iron rusts? –List some ideas using your monatomic list.

Iron Rusting Fe is oxidation state 0 Fe 2+ is oxidation state of 2+ A pit is formed in the Fe. Water enters the pit. Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ is exposed to oxygen and forms Fe 2 O 3 with water attached. Picture from:

Memorizing Monatomic Ions Recall the number in a series that you are able to remember in short term memory from the sequencing lab. Use this number and chunking when you study the monatomic ions to memorize these ions. This presentation will give you large chunks, but you may have to break them down into smaller chunks for your span.

Hopefully, your brain is a little larger than this one. His sequence recall is less than one. Picture from:

Fixed Monatomic Ions

Some of the columns of the periodic table have a pattern for the monatomic fixed ions

Column 1Fixed Column 1 loses an electron to obtain the noble gas configuration of column 18.

Column 2 Fixed Column 1 loses two electrons to obtain the noble gas configuration of column 18.

Column 11 Silver Ag Fixed Column 11 loses two electrons to obtain the noble gas configuration of column 18 for the outer shell.

Column 12 Fixed Column 12 loses two electrons to obtain the noble gas configuration of column 18 for the outer shell.

Column 13 Fixed Column 13 loses three electrons. Only aluminum is fixed in this column

Column 15 Column 15 gains three electrons to obtain the noble gas configuration of column 18

Column 16 Column 15 gains four electrons to obtain the noble gas configuration of column 18

Column 17 Column 17 gains one electron to obtain the noble gas configuration of column 18

Common Monatomic Variable Ions

Variable Monatomic Ions The transition monatomic ions have many different oxidation charges (charge of the ion) Many variable monatomic ions have common names as well as the stock system name. Learning the ions is difficult. Using your chunking skills makes it much easier to memorize. There are many variable ion in the transition metals. The ions that are presented are only the common variable ions with common names.

The Stock system name uses Roman numerals for the charge of the ion. Copper (I) Cu 1+ Tin (IV) Sn 4+

Common Naming System According to IUPAC naming compounds with common names is typically used when the ion does not have more than two oxidation states.

Some words to remember for common naming -ous is less –The charge of the ion is the lower oxidation number –Example Ferrous is Fe 2+ -ic is more –The charge of the ion is the higher oxidation number –Example Ferric is Fe 3+

Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni For common naming 2+ -ous is less, 3+ -ic is more Pattern on the periodic chart

Cu, Ag, and Au are all 1+ Cu is 1+ and 2+ Au is 1+ and 3+ (The 3 rd row down) -ous is less, -ic is more

Zn, Cd, and Hg All are 2+ Hg 2 2+ is diatomic Stock system name Mercury (I) -ous is less, -ic is more

Sn, Pb 2+ and 4+ -ous is less, –ic is more Tin and Lead are two and four.