Election of 1912 TR, Taft, and Wilson

Today’s Objective  After today’s lesson, students will be able to…  Describe the achievements and beliefs of Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson  Explain the significance of the 1912 presidential election  Essential Skill  Explicitly assess information and draw conclusions

Roosevelt v. Wilson  Working alone or with a fellow classmate, complete the chart using your notes  After completing the chart, turn to the back of the page and answer the questions.  I will be around to answer any questions

1912

1912 Election Results  6.2 Million for Wilson (less than a majority)  4.1 Million for Roosevelt  3.4 Million for Taft  0.9 Million for Debs  How does this election differ from other presidential elections?

1908

Ballinger-Pinchot Affair  Helped split the Republicans and drive a wedge in between Roosevelt and Taft

Political Party Republican turned Progressive (Bull Moose) Party Democratic Party 1912 Platform (name and general descriptio n New Nationalism Protect workers, ensure public health, regulate business “Return to Progressive Ideals” New Freedom Tariff reduction Banking reform Stronger antitrust legislation Triple wall of privilege “banks/tariffs/trusts Examples of corporate regulatio n / anti- trust efforts 1903 Elkins Act—RR’s will be fined if they provide special rebates to favored shippers 1906 Hepburn Act— regulated RR rate & set maximums 1904—Breaking up of Northern Securities Trust 1913 Underwood Tariff Act— lowest level in 50 years 1914 Clayton Antitrust Act— strengthened Sherman Antitrust Act, legalized strikes, boycotts, picketing prohibited buying stock of competing companies 1914 created Federal Trade Theodore Roosevelt Woodrow Wilson

Examples of efforts on behalf of labor / ordinary Americans 1902 United Mineworkers Strike in intervention on laborers behalf Square Deal 1905 Antiquities Act – established Forest Service and National Monuments Poor civil rights record Segregated the Federal Government Reform efforts (most significant and/or noteworth y 1906 Meat Inspection Act 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act 1902 Newlands Reclamation Act – Federal govt distributes water in SW 16 th Amendment –graduated income tax (1913) Fed. Reserve Act—created Fed. Reserve from which banks can borrow to prevent collapse 3 tiered system—Fed. Reserve Bank, 12 Fed. Reserve Banks, private banks Theodore RooseveltWoodrow Wilson

Roosevelt Presidency  Corporate Regulations  Bureau of Corporations  Elkins Act (1903) – No rebates; everybody pays same on railroads  Northern Securities decision (1904) – Trust in violation of Sherman Antitrust Act  Hepburn Act (1908) – Restricted bribery and strengthened ICC  Prosecuted 44 trusts

Roosevelt Presidency  Labor  Department of Commerce and Labor (1903)  1902 Coal Strike Resolution  Muller v. Oregon (1908)  Upheld restrictions on length of work for women  National Consumer’s League  Children’s Bureau and Women’s Bureau

William Howard Taft  Becomes a conservative representative  Department of Labor  Prosecuted 90 trusts  16 th Amendment  Congress can place an income tax on population

Woodrow Wilson  1 st two years = “assault on triple wall of privilege”  Tariffs  Underwood-Simmons Tariff Bill (1913)  Lowered Tariff  Banks  Federal Reserve Act (1913)  Created hierarchical banking system under federal control  Trusts  Federal Trade Commission Act (1914)  Investigate businesses  Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)  Strengthened Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Reform Achievements  Roosevelt  Environment  Meat Inspection Act  Pure Food and Drug Act  Wilson  19 th Amendment  Shortcomings in dealing with race  Roosevelt – Brownsville Incident  Wilson – Opposed federal lynching law, upheld segregation, disallowed inter racial marriage