Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

ACID/BASE REACTION An acid is a proton donor (H + donor) A base is a proton acceptor

ACID/BASE REACTION Strong Acids Strong Bases  Sulfuric acid, H 2 SO 4  Nitric acid, HNO 3  Hydriodic acid, HI  Perchloric acid, HClO 4  Hydrobromic acid, HBr  Hydrochloric, HCl  Lithium hydroxide, LiOH  Rubidium hydroxide, RbOH  Potassium hydroxide, KOH  Sodium hydroxide, NaOH  Cesium hydroxide, CsOH  Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH) 2  Barium hydroxide, Ba(OH) 2  Strontium hydroxide, Sr(OH) 2

ACID/BASE REACTION Strong Acid/Strong Base Reaction NaOH +HCl → NaCl + H 2 O Net Ionic H + (aq) + OH - (aq) → H 2 O

ACID/BASE REACTION Strong Acid/ Weak Base Reaction Generic Equation H + (aq) + B → BH + (aq)

ACID/BASE REACTION Strong Acid/Weak Base HCl + NH 3 → NH 4 + (aq) + Cl – (aq) Net ionic H + (aq) + NH 3 → NH 4 + (aq)

ACID/BASE REACTION Strong Acid/Weak Base Reaction H + + CH 3 NH 2 → CH 3 NH 3 + CH 3 NH 2 is a methylamine (base)

ACID/BASE REACTION STRONG BASE/WEAK ACID GENERIC EQUATION HB + OH - → H 2 O + B -

ACID/BASE REACTION STRONG BASE/WEAK ACID HNO 2 + KOH → H 2 O + KNO 2 NET IONIC HNO 2 + OH - (aq) → H 2 O + NO 2 - (aq)

ACID/BASE STOICHIOMETRY What volume of M hydrochloric acid is needed to completely react with 30.0 ml of barium hydroxide?

ACID/BASE STOICHIOMETRY 40.0 ml of nitric acid requires ml of M potassium hydroxide to neutralize it. What is the concentration of the original acid

ACID/BASE STOICHIOMETRY 30.0 ml of M ammonia is needed to neutralize 50 ml of hydrochloric acid? What was the molarity hydrochloric acid?

SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY Calculate the volume of M sodium hydroxide required to completely react with A ml of M hydrofluoric acid? B ml of M perchloric acid?

ACID/BASE STOICHIOMETRY What volume of 30.0 ml of M potassium hydroxide is needed to completely neutralize M acetic acid?