G ENETIC E NGINEERING IN A GRICULTURE : S ELECTIVE B REEDING B ASICS AND V OCABULARY Agriculture Biology

Objective: Today I will understand the vocabulary used in genetic engineering, specifically selective breeding by completing my notes and “Ticket out the Door”. Question of the Day: What two rabbits, if bred, would you expect to have black-haired offspring?(Hint: you must have 2 letters in your answer) A D C B

H OW DO WE GET SUCH DIFFERENCES IN BREEDS ?

V OCABULARY Genetic Engineering The deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material Genetic engineering is purposefully ____________ characteristics of plants or animals by controlling their ____________ material.

V OCABULARY Selective Breeding A method of breeding that allows only those organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation If I wanted purple flowers, I would __________ purple-flowered plants to _______-_________ ________.

V OCABULARY Hybridization *Also called crossbreeding A breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms Hybridization is the ________ of both worlds. X

Inbreeding *Also called purebreeding The continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics to maintain the desired characteristics of an organism Inbreeding __________ characteristics the same from ______________ to generation. V OCABULARY

13-1 N OTES 1. Selective Breeding a. Popcorn was one of the first organisms humans improved for our own benefit. o Corn as we know it was first grown as a crop at least 6000 years ago by Native Americans living in what is now Mexico.

H OW WE ’ VE USED S ELECTION b. Dogs- o Tiny Chihuahuas and Huge Great Danes o Labrador retrievers with short coats and poodles with curly hair. c. Humans are always looking to make animals that are better hunters, better retrievers or more capable of producing a quality product.

Selective Breeding- letting only those animals with desired characteristics produce the next generation. The two most common methods of selective breeding are hybridization and inbreeding.

2. Hybridization a. Crossing organisms that have different traits to bring together the best of both organisms. o Offspring made by such crosses are called hybrids. o Often hardier than parents. o Results are new organisms that have traits farmers need to make more food.

H OW IT ALL S TARTED a. Luther Burbank may have been the greatest selective breeder of all time. o Developed more than 800 kinds of plants o Burbank used Hybridization. o Many of Burbank’s hybrid crosses mixed the disease resistance of one plant with the food-making ability of another.

3. Inbreeding a. Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics. o Many breeds of dogs o Inbreeding helps keep the characteristics that make each breed unique and helps make sure that those characteristics are preserved. o Inbred organisms are genetically very similar and can increase the probability that organisms may inherit genetic disorders. Example- inherited hip problems are common to many breeds of dogs.

Key Question: Answer on your notes using complete sentences What is selective breeding used for?

T ICKET OUT T HE D OOR 1. Crossing individuals with different traits to bring together their best characteristics is called a. domestication b. inbreeding c. hybridization d. polyploidy 2. Crossing individual with similar characteristics so that those characteristics will appear in their offspring is called a. inbreeding b. hybridization c. recombination d. polyploidy 3. Taking advantage of naturally occurring variation in organism to pass wanted traits on to future generations is called a. selective breeding b. forensics c. gene therapy d. mutation