Unit 3 REVIEW

Unit 3 Topics Articles of Confederation Shay’s Rebellion Constitutional Convention & Compromises Federalists & Anti Federalists The Preamble’s Goals Principles of the Constitution The Constitution (Structure) The Bill of Rights Federalism

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation 1. Provided for a weak national government 2. Congress had no power to tax 3. Congress had no power to regulate commerce among the states 4. Provided no common currency 5. One vote per state regardless of size 6. Provided no executive or judicial branch

Shay’s Rebellion Causes Causes: (Post war conditions) – Uneven distribution of wealth – Farmers in debt – No veteran’s pay – Printing of money: Farmers wanted to print money, wealthy did not. IN MASSACHUSETTS… Massachusetts raised taxes to reduce debt -> result, heavy burden fell on farmers (more tax on land than goods) and they were angry!!! Massachusetts even suspended the writ of habeas corpus!

Shay’s Rebellion Farmers Rebel!!! To prevent their farms & houses from being foreclosed, farmers close courthouses (August 1786) Led by Daniel Shay, Farmers march to the state arsenal to seize weapons and march to Boston, the state capital (state supreme court). Fire is exchanged at the arsenal (state militia is there to defend the arsenal) - 4 farmers are killed. Reinforcements of troops arrive the next day to end the rebellion.

Outcome Wealthy are WORRIED that the republic was in danger! The rebellion showed that there was instability and lack of control. They also thought that if the poor got more rights, that they (the wealthy) would lose rights! Members of the lower & Middle classes argued for a stronger central government! SHAYS REBELLION REFLECTS THE WEAKNESSES OF THE AOC

Convention and Compromises In 1787 A convention was held in Philadelphia to revise the AOC, however a new constitution will be written. It gave more power to the National gov’t than state gov’ts.

Compromises Issue: Representation in the legislature Large States – Virginia Plan – Population based representation Small States – New Jersey Plan – Equal representation OUTCOME: Great Compromise – 2 house legislature with both.

Compromises Issue: Slaves counting toward population Northern States: Don’t want to count slaves toward population Southern States: Do want to count slaves toward population. – OUTCOME: 3/5 th compromise: Every 5 slaves would count as 3 people toward the states population count for representation in the legislature.

Federalists vs. Anti-federalists Federalists: support strong federal/central/national government. Supported constitution bc it gave more power to the national gov’t. Anti-Federalists: weak national gov’t- states gov’t have more power. Did not support the constitution. (Bill of rights was added to please the Anti-federalists)

Principle of the Constitution Popular Sovereignty – People have the Power Federalism – National > State Rule of Law – Law applies = to everyone Checks & Balances – 3 branches can check each other.

Clauses Supremacy Clause: The Constitution is the supreme law of the land (trumps state law). Elastic/Necessary & Proper Clause: a statement in the U.S. Constitution (Article I, Section 8) granting Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers.

The Constitution (Structure) Preamble: Goals of the Constitution Article 1: Legislative Branch Article 2: Executive Branch Article 3: Judicial Branch Article 4: States Created, Full Faith & Credit Article 5: Amendment process Article 6: Supremacy clause Article 7: Ratification Process Bill of Rights: Rights that the PEOPLE have

Preamble Goals 1.Form a more perfect union 2.Establish justice 3.Ensure domestic tranquility 4.Provide for the common defense 5.Promote the general welfare 6.Secure the blessings of liberty

The Bill of Rights 1. Freedom of Speech, Press, Petition, assembly & Religion 2. Right to bear arms 3. No Quartering soldiers 4. No Search and Seizure 5. Eminent domain, due process, double jeopardy 6. right to an attorney. fair and speedy trial 7. Right to a jury trial in civil cases. 8. protection from cruel and unusual punishment 9. People Rights 10. Rights not given to the fed gov’t are reserved to the states

Checks & Balances