Petroleum Recap Terminology from the Oil and Gas Industry Concepts of Engineering and Technology Mr. McClean

Chromatography Gas chromatography (GC) is one of the most widely used techniques in modern analytical chemistry. GC is used to separate complex mixtures of different molecules based on their physical properties, such as polarity and boiling point. It is an ideal tool to analyze gas and liquid samples containing many hundreds of different molecules, allowing the analyst to identify both the types of molecular species present and their concentrations. In short, Chromatography is a method used by scientists for separating organic and inorganic compounds so that they can be analyzed and studied.

Instrumentation It is the use of measuring instruments to monitor and control a process. It is the science of measurement and control of process variables within a manufacturing area. In Petroleum, it consists of flow meters, pressure transmitters, level sensors, temperature sensors, and analysis instruments.

Pressure Pumping!

Many believe fracking endangers our water and the health of our communities. Some people who live near fracking sites have become seriously ill from drinking contaminated water. Others can light their tap on fire due to the amount of methane in their water. Fracking Also called “hydraulic fracturing,” is a destructive process that corporations like Halliburton, BP and ExxonMobil use to extract natural gas and oil from rock that lies deep underground. They drill a deep well and inject millions of gallons of toxic fracking fluid – a mix of water, sand and harsh chemicals – at a high enough pressure to fracture the rock and release the oil or gas.

Permeability High permeability will allow fluids to move rapidly through rocks. Permeability is affected by the pressure in a rock. The ability to transmit fluids, typically measured in darcies or millidarcies. The term was basically defined by Henry Darcy, who showed that the common mathematics of heat transfer could be modified to adequately describe fluid flow in porous (allows fluid to flow through) mediums. Formations that transmit fluids readily, such as sandstones, are described as permeable and tend to have many large, well-connected pores.

TWIC Certification TWIC program is a Transportation Security Administration and U.S. Coast Guard initiative in the US. The TWIC program provides a tamper-resistant biometric credential to maritime workers requiring unescorted access to secure areas of port facilities under the MTS Act of Those seeking unescorted access to secure areas aboard affected vessels, and all Coast Guard credentialed merchant mariners, must obtain a TWIC. The new measures were fully implemented on April 15, To obtain a TWIC, an individual must provide biographic information such as fingerprints, sit for a digital photograph and successfully pass a security threat assessment conducted by TSA. Transportation Worker Identification Credential

Quality Control Record Quality control (QC) is a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure that a manufactured product or performed service adheres to a defined set of quality criteria or meets the requirements of the client or customer. QC is similar to, but not identical with, quality assurance (QA). A petroleum products and lubricants testing laboratory plays a crucial role in product quality management and customer satisfaction. It is essential for a laboratory to provide quality data. This document provides guidance for establishing and maintaining a quality system in a laboratory.

Water Purification Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from contaminated water. The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose. Most water is disinfected for human consumption (drinking water), but water purification may also be designed for a variety of other purposes, including fulfilling the requirements of medical, pharmacological, and industrial applications. The methods used include physical processes such as filtration, sedimentation, and distillation; biological processes such as slow sand filters; chemical processes such as flocculation and chlorination and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light.

Pressure Cooker A new discovery could let scientists artificially create crude oil in under an hour, accelerating a natural process that normally takes at least a few million years to complete. Preparing crude in this way requires temperatures over 350 degrees Celsius and pressures over 3000 psi. This ultra-pressure cooker takes in the algae slurry and produces a mixture of crude oil, pure water, a nutrient-rich material perfect for growing more algae, and a small amount of naturally refined fuel gas that could go (almost) straight to use. The biofuels company GeniCorp has plans in the works to create the first production plant.

Last Edmodo Quiz Share with the class a story of a relative or friend who works in Oil and Gas and what they shared with you. Test you knowledge with your last Edmodo Quiz for this class!