1. VAPOUR PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHY

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PRINCIPLE INSTRUMENTATION
ADVANTAGES &LIMITATIONS
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
This is an analytical technique for the separation of a mixture of solutes by the differential movement of individual solutes through a porous medium,
depends on four forces:
Rate of flow of solvent.
Solubility of the substance in the solvent.
Partition effects.
Adsorption effects.

4. PRINCIPLE
Separation of the components by partition between the liquid on the porous support and the gas.
M P is gas and S P is non volatile liquid on porous medium.

5. INSTRUMENTATION
Carrier gas
Flow meters
Injectors
Columns
Detectors

6. CARRIER GAS Must be chemically inert.
Properties
Must be chemically inert.
Commonly used gases include nitrogen, helium, argon, and carbon dioxide, hydrogen.
Also contains a molecular sieve to remove water and other impurities.

7. FLOW METERS
Flow meters (flow meters) and flow sensors are devices used for measuring the flow rate or quantity of a moving fluid or gas.

8. COLUMNS TWO TYPES: Packed columns:
Made of stainless steel or glass and contains a packing of finely divided, inert, solid support material (eg. diatomaceous earth) that is coated with a liquid or solid stationary phase.

9. Made of fused-silica with a polyimide outer coating.
CAPILLARY COLUMNS:
Made of fused-silica with a polyimide outer coating.
These columns are flexible.

10. COLUMN TEMPERATURE Must be controlled to within tenths of a degree.
Depends on the boiling point of the sample.
The sample results in an elution time of minutes.
Minimal temperatures give good resolution, but increase elution times.

11. SAMPLE INJECTION PORT

12. SAMPLE INJECTION PORT
The sample should not be too large, and should be introduced onto the column as a "plug" of vapor - slow injection of large samples causes band broadening and loss of resolution.
The temperature of the sample port is usually about 50°C.

13. DETECTORS GENERAL PROPERTIES:
Respond to very small quantities of vapor contained in a permanent gas.
Should be insensitive to changes in flow rate.
Some detectors require no other gas than that used as the carrier gas.
Capable of operating at least 200C higher than the maximum column temperature.

14. KATHEROMETER DETECTOR
Introduced by Ray.
Earlier days, used for analysis of hydrocarbon gases.
Considered to respond to a number of different physical properties of the eluent gas with no one property playing a major role.

15. FLAME IONISATION DETECTOR
The next detector to be reported which was developed by Scott.
It is the forerunner to the flame ionization detector FID.

16. APPLICATIONS Environmental Monitoring and Cleanup Criminal Forensics
Law Enforcement
Security
Food, Beverage and Perfume Analysis
Astrochemistry
Medicine

17. ADVANTAGES Time (analysis is short) Small sample is needed – ml
Very good separation
Time (analysis is short)
Small sample is needed – ml
Good detection system
Quantitatively analyzed

18. DISADVANTAGES
Time
Side reaction
Loss of sample

19. CONCLUSION
Vapor phase Chromatography is one of the most important tools in chemistry because of its simplicity, sensitivity and effectiveness in separating components of mixtures.
It is widely used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of mixtures and for the purification of compounds.

20. D.J.SRAVANTHI
M.PHARM(ANALYSIS)
BHARATH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY