Napoleon Forges an Empire How Napoleon grabbed power and brought order to France Chapter 7 Section 3

Objectives Explain how Napoleon came to power Summarize how Napoleon restored order in France Describe the extent and weaknesses of Napoleon’s empire

Guiding Questions What are some of the reasons for the French Revolution? What type of government does France have in 1795? How does this allow Napoleon to take power? Or does it? Why did France have a Revolution only to elect another king/emperor? What are some issues a large empire would face?

Napoleon Seizes Power Early Life Napoleon Bonaparte—born (1769) in 9 years old attends military school When the revolution breaks out, joins army of the new government Hero of the Hour In 1795, Napoleon defeats French royalist rebels attacking National Convention Seen as savior of the French Republic Napoleon wins stunning victories in Italy, gaining popularity News of his defeats in Egypt is suppressed Coup d’État In November 1799, he carries out coup d’état—seizure of power Assumed dictatorial powers & ends the French Republic Napoleon defeats British, Russians, Austrians who join forces against him

Napoleon Rules France w/ the ideas from the Republic Vote of Approval New constitution is approved through plebiscite—vote of the people Takes power as First Consult Restoring Order at Home 1)Efficient tax collection (fair and orderly) 2)Kicks out dishonest government workers 3)To fix economy, he sets up national banking system 4)Establishes lycées— (for ordinary citizens) government-run public schools to train officials 5)Signs concordat—agreement—with pope restoring Catholicism in France 6)Creates Napoleonic Code—uniform system of laws -Gave all French citizens the same rights -Yet, took away some rights gained by the revolution & republic( e.g. Limited free speech and restored slavery in the colonies)

Coronation of Napoleon & Josephine Napoleon Crowned as Emperor In December 1804, Napoleon crowns himself emperor of France

Napoleon Creates an Empire Loss of American Territories In 1801, Napoleon attempts to retake colony of Saint Domingue (Haiti) but fails Gives up on the Americas and concentrates on Europe Sells the Louisiana Territory to United States for $15 million in 1803 (largest part of France’s North American lands) Conquering Europe Napoleon tries to take control of all of Europe Britain, Russia, Austria, Sweden join forces against Napoleon Napoleon crushes enemy forces in several brilliant battles Napoleon forces Austria, Russia, Sweden to sign peace treaties

continued Napoleon Creates an Empire The Battle of Trafalgar In 1805, British win Battle of Trafalgar—ensures British naval superiority This defeat forces Napoleon to give up plan of invading and conquering Britain Looks for another way to control Britain The French Empire Napoleon controls Europe except for Britain, Portugal, Sweden, Ottomans Has puppet rulers in some countries, alliances with others French Empire reaches largest extent from 1807 to 1812

Napoleon’s Empire Collapses - Napoleon’s conquests aroused nationalistic feelings across Europe and contributed to his downfall.