STUDY OF CARDIOTONIC ACTIVITY OF SOME HERBAL DRUGS

INTRODUCTION The cardiotonics are drugs used to increase the efficiency improve the contraction of the heart muscle, which leads to improve blood flow to all tissues of the body. The drugs have long been used to treat CHF, a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the tissue needs of the body.

DEFINATION Cardiotonic is defined as having a favorable or tonic effect towards the heart's action. It also means increasing the tonus of the muscle of the heart. Cardiotonic drugs that increases the force of contraction Having tonic effect on heart.

Cardio tonic Agent- Agent that have a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output. Two groups of cardio tonic agent: 1) Cardiac glycoside 2)Phosphodisterase inhibitor Cardiac Glycosides: The glycosides having cardiac action are known as cardiac glycosides. They have both beneficial and toxic effects. Plants containing cardiac glycosides have been used as poison and heart drugs. The extract of the drug are used as diuretics and heart tonics. They are also used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Common clinical disorder in which the heart fails to provide an adequate blood flow to the peripheral tissue of the body. Symptoms: Blood pressure overload Volume overload Loss of heart muscle Decreased contractibility Disturbances in filling the heart

Risk Factor Age Sex Family history Smoking Poor diet High blood pressure High blood cholesterol level Physical inactivity High stress Poor hygiene

Mechanism of Action of Cardio tonics Blocks Na-K ATPase pump of cardiac muscle Intracellular conc. Of Na increases Causes release of Ca from sarcolemma More forcefully contraction of myocardiam Brushing action of proteins actin & myosin is enhances Greater output per beat Complete empting of heart Edema is flushed out

PLANT UNDER STUDY Strophanthus Thevetia nerifolia Nerium oleander Digitalis Indian squill Strophanthus Thevetia nerifolia Nerium oleander Terminalia arjuna

DIGITALIS Synonym : digitalis leaves, foxglove leave Biological source: Dried leaves of digitalis purpurea Family: Scrophulariaceae Part used: Leaves Chemical constituents: Primary glycoside: purpurea A & B Glucogitaloxin. Secondary glycosides: digitoxin, gitoxin, gitaloxin.

INDIAN SQUILL Synonyms: Jangle pyaj,seaonion,scilla Biological source: Urginea consists of dried slices of bulbs of Urginea indica kunth Family: Liliaceae Part used: Bulbs Chemical constituent: Indian squill contain 0.3% of cardiac glycosides . Scillaren A and scillaren B major glycosides .

STROPHANTHUS Synonym: Semino strophanthi, arrow poison Biological source : Dried ripe seeds of Strophanthus kombe Oliver Family: Apocynaceae Part used: Chemical constituent: K strophanthin. K-Strophanthoside. Mucilage. Resin. Choline. Fixed oil.

THEVETIA NERIFOLIA Synonym: Lucky nut tree Biologic source : dried seeds of Thevetia peruviana Family: Apocynaceae Part used: Seeds Chemical constituent:  Thevetin which is mixture of thevetin A and thevetin B. Cerberin Neriifolin Theveneriin Peruvosidic acid Peruvoside

NERIUM OLEANDER Synonyms: Nerium indicum Biological sources-Dried seeds of nerium oleander Family: Apocynaceae Part used: Seeds Chemical constituents: odoroside,Oleandrin, Gluco oleandrin flavanoides rutin, quercetin, adigoside.

TERMINALIA ARJUNA Synonym-Arjuna bark,Dhavala,Kakubha Biological source : Arjuna consists of the dried stem bark of Terminalia arjuna W.& A. Family : Combretaceae Part used: Bark Chemical constituents: Tannins, arjunic acid, arjunolic acid, arjungenin, arjunglycosides.

CONCLUSION According to WHO’s Reports, 29.2% of total global deaths are due to coronary heart disease (CHD). Around 80% of CHD deaths take place in low and middle income countries. Heart disease has no geographic, gender and socioeconomic boundaries’. In general, herbal preparations are relatively safe to use in CHD. In this context, it is necessary to work out for an alternative medicine at an affordable constant relatively with low or no side effects to meet this CHD problem indigenously.

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