Energy

Energy: Forms and Changes

Nature of Energy Energy is all around you! –Y–You can hear energy as sound. –Y–You can see energy as light. –A–And you can feel it as wind.

You use energy when you: – hit a softball. – lift your book bag. – compress a spring.

Nature of Energy Living organisms need energy for growth and movement.

Nature of Energy Energy is involved when: – a bird flies. – a bomb explodes. – rain falls from the sky. – electricity flows in a wire.

Energy the ability to do work Energy comes in many forms: mechanical, electrical, magnetic, solar, thermal, chemical, etc... thermal, chemical, etc... The SI unit of energy is the Joule.

Energy

Potential Energy Stored energy and the energy of position Kinetic Energy Motion of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules, and substances

Potential Energy Stored energy and the energy of position

Chemical Energy Energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules Elastic Energy Energy stored in objects by the application of force. Nuclear Energy Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom – the energy that holds the nucleus together Gravitational Energy Energy of place or position Potential Energy Stored energy and the energy of position

Kinetic Energy Motion of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules, and substances

Kinetic Energy Motion of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules, and substances Electrical Energy Movement of electrons Mechanical Motion Movement of substance from one place to another Sound Energy Movement of energy through substances in longitudinal waves Radiant Energy Electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves Thermal Energy Internal energy in substances – vibration or movement of atoms and molecules in substances a.k.a. “heat”

Potential Energy Stored Energy gravitational potential energy GPE = mgh m - mass of object in kg m - mass of object in kg g - acceleration of gravity in m/s 2 g - acceleration of gravity in m/s 2 h - height of object, in m, h - height of object, in m, GPE – gravitational potential energy in J

Kinetic Energy energy of motion All moving objects that have mass have kinetic energy. KE = 1/2 mv 2 m - mass of the object in kg v - speed of the object in m/s KE - the kinetic energy in J

Different Types of Energy.

Kinetic Energy Anything that moves has kinetic energy.

Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) Anything above the ground has gravitational potential energy i.e. anything that can fall, like ski jumpers, aeroplanes and climbers.

Nuclear Energy Released only from nuclear reactions The sun and all of the stars. Hydrogen bomb (Fusion) Nuclear power plants

Sound Energy Anything noisy gives off sound energy like vocal chords, speakers and instruments.

Chemical Energy Anything with stored energy which can be released by a chemical reaction has chemical energy, things like food fuels and batteries.

Radiant Energy also called electromagnetic energy All life on Earth depends upon radiant energy from the sun Examples: radio waves, microwaves, X-rays,

Heat/Thermal Energy Anything with a temperature above absolute zero (-273 ° C) has heat energy. That means everything has some thermal energy.

Light Energy Anything luminous gives off light energy, like the sun, light bulbs, candles and glow worms.

Electrical Energy Electrical energy is very useful, because its easily converted into other forms – wherever there's a current flowing there's electrical energy.

Elastic Energy Anything stretched, has elastic energy – things like rubber bands, springs, knickers, elastic etc

There are 9 types of energy hidden in this picture Can you find them?

Can you think of examples of each type of energy? There are many different types of energy: thermal light sound elastic gravitational kinetic electrical chemical nuclear Different types of energy

Which type of energy?

Energy can be changed from one form to another. For example: Chemical energy in food is converted to thermal energy and kinetic energy by our bodies. Energy transfer What other energy transfers can you think of? Gravitational energy in a ball is converted to kinetic energy when it falls to the ground.

burning match portable torch microphone radio television catapult mobile phone car Describe energy transfer in each device

burning match portable torch microphone radio television catapult mobile phone car chemical to thermal and light sound to electrical electrical to sound and thermal electrical to sound and light and thermal elastic to kinetic and thermal chemical to sound and microwaves (EM radiation) and thermal chemical to kinetic and sound and thermal In all these transfers the energy is not lost, it is conserved. Energy cannot be destroyed or created. Describe energy transfer in each device

Draw an energy transfer for... YOU!! Chemical Heat Kinetic (movement) Sound

Energy the ability to do work Energy comes in many forms: mechanical, electrical, magnetic, solar, thermal, chemical, etc... thermal, chemical, etc... The SI unit of energy is the Joule.

Energy

Potential Energy Stored energy and the energy of position Kinetic Energy Motion of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules, and substances

Potential Energy Stored energy and the energy of position

Chemical Energy Energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules Elastic Energy Energy stored in objects by the application of force. Nuclear Energy Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom – the energy that holds the nucleus together Gravitational Energy Energy of place or position Potential Energy Stored energy and the energy of position

Kinetic Energy Motion of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules, and substances

Kinetic Energy Motion of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules, and substances Electrical Energy Movement of electrons Mechanical Motion Movement of substance from one place to another Sound Energy Movement of energy through substances in longitudinal waves Radiant Energy Electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves Thermal Energy Internal energy in substances – vibration or movement of atoms and molecules in substances a.k.a. “heat”

Potential Energy Stored Energy gravitational potential energy GPE = mgh m - mass of object in kg m - mass of object in kg g - acceleration of gravity in m/s 2 g - acceleration of gravity in m/s 2 h - height of object, in m, h - height of object, in m, GPE – gravitational potential energy in J

Potential Energy Stored Energy gravitational potential energy GPE = Wh W – Weight of object in N W – Weight of object in N h - height of object, in m, h - height of object, in m, GPE – gravitational potential energy in J

Roller Coaster Conversions

The NEED Project

Energy poker Look at the scenes on the slides that follow. Make a bid for the number of energy transfers that you can see. The person with the highest bid has to explain where they are. If they fail to find that number they lose. Can you win at energy poker? Let’s look at a couple of examples first…

First Example… Energy poker score: 1 Sunlight energy converted into heat to boil the water for tea

Energy poker score: 3 Chemical energy in fuel converted to movement, heat and sound Second Example…

Now for the real thing… make a bid for the number of energy transfers that you can see!