Satellite Communications and Spectrum Efficiency Phillip L. Spector Executive Vice President, Business Development, & General Counsel ITU Telecom World 2009 Geneva, Switzerland 7 October 2009

Intelsat: Global Leader in Satellite Communications Leading provider of fixed- satellite services (“FSS”) Approximately 1,800 customers More than 200 countries Resilient and flexible communications network 51 satellites 8 strategically-located teleports More than 28,000 miles of leased fiber connectivity Robust fleet investment program 11 satellites currently in development This page is set up as the “slide master” and any choices from “New Slide: Slide Layout” dialog will produce this slide, EXCEPT for the “Title Slide” option. Intelsat’s Operations Headquarters, Washington, D.C.

Satellite Applications Help Achieve Government Policy Goals and Business Objectives … Maritime Communications Mobile Video Wireless Extension Services Telemedicine Corporate Networks Distance Education Disaster Preparedness Internet Connectivity IPTV VoIP Intelsat’s applications increase teledensity rates, provide distance education and telemedicine, provide broadband to rural areas, and more

… because of the Unparalleled Benefits We Provide to Our Customers Available everywhere: ideal for simultaneous distribution of bandwidth-intensive information; Versatile: support all of today's communications needs; Reliable: constant and uniform quality of service to hundreds of locations, regardless of geography; Fast: rapid, inexpensive network roll-out to hundreds or thousands of locations; Flexible: can complement, augment or extend any communications network, without terrestrial limitations; Expandable: Intelsat’s satellite / hybrid networks are easily scalable as service needs grow.

Satellites Technology Helps Increase Teledensity Rates and Enables Rural Broadband: Where there are inadequate terrestrial facilities to connect base stations to the Internet backbone; In rural and less densely populated communities; To expand the network reach of terrestrial wireless access systems Similar to how cellular operators use satellites to connect to their base station towers. WiMAX Repeaters Gateway to the Internet Internet 19

Satellites Use Spectrum Efficiently Satellites provide national, regional and global coverage that is unmatched by other technologies. One satellite (DTH) can serve millions of users with a single transmission. Geostationary satellites reuse spectrum in 2 degree (or less) increments. Satellites provide services where other technologies can’t or won’t: Disaster recovery, rural and remote areas, inhospitable terrain. Network efficiency optimization (carrier on carrier, DVB-S2) -- new modulation schemes are increasing the amount of data satellites can carry.

Frequency Reuse – 2 Degree (or less) Spacing

Spectrum Efficiency Brings Higher Susceptibility to Interference Reduced orbital separation and greater satellite deployments increase adjacent satellite interference. New modulation techniques that increase throughput are more sensitive to interference. Deployment of smaller satellite dishes that enable greater use of satellites provide less interference protection. Sharing with fixed terrestrial services further adds to the interference environment.

Concerns About Spectrum Use and Management Terrestrial Wireless Access Systems (BWA, FWA, WiMAX, etc) are moving into the C-band, traditionally used by fixed satellite services. Cases of harmful interference are increasing. Extent of satellite usage is understated, because virtually all receive-only earth stations are unregistered. As terrestrial services are moving from fixed to mobile systems, protection of earth stations is getting more difficult. Sharing between terrestrial wireless access systems and satellite receiver stations imposes undue constraints on all operators and is NOT realistic.

Spectrum Management Principles Are a Tool to Support Policy Goals Satellite services’ quality and reliability only can be maintained without harmful interference. Examine services for “compatibility” before allocating them to the same spectrum. Keep in mind the special nature and advantages of satellite services when making spectrum allocations. Establishment of national and international protection criteria; Protection of receive-only earth stations; Interference mitigation not just from in-band, but also out-of-band services.

The Role of Satellite in Reaching the Next Billion Cellular Backhaul Internet Trunking eLearning As we connect the “Next Billion”, they may become the “Best Billion”, because of the quality of technology available to them Technology will not be an obstacle Connectivity will include voice, Internet, and video A supportive regulatory environment is an increasing part of the solution History demonstrates that deregulation and competition fosters innovative and cost effective solutions Satellites’ expansive coverage knows no boundaries Satellite industry is willing, ready and able to play a key role Telemedicine Mobile Video Networks Disaster Recovery