1 From Quality to Quantity: Organizational Linkage Analysis Tugrul Temel International Service for National Agricultural Research June 28, 2002

2 Outline Objective Approach and Method Applications Future research

3 Objective Introduce a method for linkage analysis Illustrate it with three applications Describe the system Content of the system, organizations, content of organizational linkages Characterize the structure of the system dominant & subordinate organizations leverage points Discuss ways to strengthen the linkages Interface orgs to link public & private sectors

4 Approach and Method A systems approach learning takes place everywhere in society interaction of scientific and socio-economic orgs speed up learning about the problem Graph theoretical concepts to identify cause-effect pathways to detect influence points to detect organizational mismatches

5 Matrix of Relations

6 Matrix of Coded Relations

7 From Relations to Influence w=0.33, m=0.66, s=1

8 Cause-Effect Diagram

9 Application I Agricultural innovation system (by Temel, Janssen, Karimov) a set of organizations that jointly and/or individually contribute to the development, diffusion, and use of new agricultural technologies, and that directly and/or indirectly influence the process of technological change in agriculture.

10 The Agricultural Innovation System of Azerbaijan Matrix of relations

11 The Agricultural Innovation System of Azerbaijan Matrix of coded relations

12 The Agricultural Innovation System of Azerbaijan Cause-effect diagram

13 Application II Agriculture-health-environment system (by Temel and Maru) Many disciplines to understand the nature of problems faced Many organizations to develop and to provide solutions Still many more organizations to implement these solutions in communities concerned.

14 Agriculture-Health-Environment System Identify critical gaps with respect to DIKR needs and linkages Identify O-I-T capacities required for actual change to come through optimal linkages for effective flow of DIKR Plan & implement actions to promote & support these capacities Monitor & assess the impact of these actions on the organizational and the system performance

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16 Agriculture-Health-Environment System

17 Agriculture-Health-Environment System

18 Agriculture-Health-Environment System

19 Application III Social network analysis (by Temel) Analysis of questionnaires with scaled answers

20 Future research The systems approach should be reformulated as a mathematical model to allow testing of specific hypotheses on linkages. Analysis of cases in which rare but influential interactions take place between the organizations