Unit 4: Enlightenment & Revolution (1650 – 1789) The American Revolution

Describe the European colonial presence in North America. Trace the development of democratic ideals in Europe and America. Objectives …Can Tell you about how Colonial Governments came to be.

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VOCABULARY Navigation Act of 1651 (Concept) George III (Person) Salutary Neglect (Concept) Stamp Act (1765) (Concept) Townshend Acts (1767) (Concept) Intolerable Acts (Concept)

Great Britain’s 13 Colonies 1760 – George III becomes king; there were 2.2 million colonists in 1770 (250 K in 1700) who had been drawn to America because of economic opportunity. Navigation Act of 1651 – Colonies could trade with no one but Britain or pay high import taxes. Top resources were timber & tobacco and no one but Britain could buy these. Salutary Neglect – 150 years of “on your own” In spite of the restrictions, colonial merchants & farmers thrived and both sides benefited economically.

CAUSES OF REV. WAR French-Indian War ( ) Britain & Colonists vs. French & Indian allies Also fought in Europe & Asia (Prussia & Britain vs. France, Austria, & Russia) Britain won and France lost its colonies in America & Canada The good mood wouldn’t last long b/c of debt Proclamation of 1763 – said colonists could not move west of Appalachian Mts. Stamp Act (1765) – direct tax on printed materials Townshend Acts (1767) - lead, paper, paint, tea taxes collected at port – later repealed except tea.

The Path to Rebellion Tea Act 1773 led to Boston Tea Party (Dec. 1773) Intolerable Acts or Coercive Acts (1774) targeted Boston & ordered port closed 1 st Continental Congress ignored & 2 nd Continental Congress after Battle of Lexington-Concord voted for war (April 1775)

The Declaration of Independence Written by Thomas Jefferson and adopted July 4, 1776 Based on John Locke and the Enlightenment, it said: All men are equal Natural Rights Right of Rebellion Reasons for Separation

Homework On your own: find a problem (Or think up one) in the world today; it may be personal or societal. Create your own “Declaration of Independence” to Declare the Grievances that you see (In the problem you have picked). DO: Write up your Declaration; it should be at least 10 lines long and should look authentic (Be readable). It should include usage of the following words in their proper context (From Our Enlightenment Thinkers): Natural Rights, Separation of Power, Freedom of Speech/Religion, etc.

Why Did the Colonists Win? General George Washington’s leadership Home court advantage Time was an ally! British Generals overconfident France joined in 1778 and provided troops and their navy Oct – Britain surrendered at Yorktown, Virginia

The Articles of Confederation (1781 – 1787)

It was a republic, but was made weak to protect states’ rights No executive or supreme court Each State = 1 vote in Congress Congress couldn’t collect taxes, regulate trade, & amendment had to be unanimous Shays Rebellion (Feb. 1787) convinced the founders that we needed to revise the Articles.

The Constitution of the U.S. May 25 – Sept. 17, 1787 – Philadelphia, PA 55 Enlightened men wrote the Constitution. Basic Principles of Our Constitution Federalism – Federal, State, Local Separation of Powers – Legislative, Executive, Judicial Checks and Balances – Each branch checks the power of the other two (i.e. the veto power)

Federalists vs. Antifederalists Federalists – Government was strong enough to protect natural rights and the balance between state and national governments was perfect. Antifederalists – They wanted more guarantees of individual rights were needed because of the power of the centralized government Individual Rights – U.S. Bill of Rights – first 10 Amendments – added in 1791 to ensure more freedoms for the American people

Exit Slip – The American Revolution 1.This was Great Britain’s policy of leaving the colonies to govern themselves while both sides prospered? a. Statutory Law b. Salutary Neglect c. Solitary Confinement 2.The first direct tax placed on the colonies was the ___________ of a. Sugar Actb. Tea Actc. Stamp Act 3.This enlightened philosophe was the major inspiration on Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence? a. Thomas Hobbes b. John Lock c. Voltaire 4.In all probability, the 13 Colonies could not have won the Revolutionary War without help from this country? a. Franceb. Prussiac. Spain