Political Organization of Space An Introduction
Political Concepts in Space Territoriality Attempt by individual or group to control people, phenomena, and relationships by delimiting and asserting control over a geographic area
Sovereignty having the “last say” (control) over a territory – politically or militarily Territorial integrity Ability of a government to control its territory Political Concepts in Space
Birth of the Modern State Peace of Westphalia (1648) Treaty that ended “Thirty Years’ War” Clearly defined borders, recognition of statehood, guarantees of security Territory over people
Nation, State, Nation-State We often use nation, state and country interchangeably, but there are distinctions: Nation Culturally defined group of people with shared past
Nation, State, Nation-State State A politically organized territory with A permanent population A defined territory A government
Nation, State, Nation-State Nation-State A politically organized area where nation and state occupy the same space European Model
Diffusion of Nation-State European colonialism Colonialism Rule by an autonomous power of a subordinate power Often creates unequal cultural and economic relations Two waves 16 th Century – Americas 19 th Century – Africa/Asia
Diffusion of Nation-State Colonial administration Europeans replicate political organization of home country Administrative regions survive as independent states today Often, colonial borders have little to do with ethnicity or national identity
Democracy People, rather than monarchy or colonizer, are ultimate sovereign Nation is associated with state
Types of States Multinational State More than one nation in its borders
Multistate Nation When a nation’s boundaries cross two or more states
Stateless Nation A people (nation) without a state of their own
Enclave A nation or state completely surrounded by another state Lesotho in South Africa Any enclaves in the United States?
Enclaves in America
Exclave Part of a nation or state that is not connected to the rest of the state Kaliningrad, Russia Are there any US exclaves?
American Exclaves