1. Hey! What do you know about this thing called
“the state” …?

2. The state? You mean like Alabama, Texas, Ohio, etc.?

3. No, no. I mean something bigger than that…

4. Well, let’s see what this lesson is all about
Well, let’s see what this lesson is all about. Maybe it’ll help you out…

5. The State of the State
OH! Cool…

6. The State living in a defined space,
a body of people,
living in a defined space,
with the power to make and enforce laws without having to check with any higher authority,
and with an
organization to do this.

7. The State
You can tell from the definition that there are four key features of a state…
What are they?

8. Territory Population Sovereignty Government living in a defined space,
a body of people,
Sovereignty
Government
with the power to make and enforce laws without having to check with any higher authority,
and with an organization to do this.

9. Population
That’s us!
Definition: People who are the members or citizens of a state
The size of the population doesn’t matter
Population has a big influence on the type of government chosen by the state:
Is the population rural or urban?
What do people do for jobs?
Do people get along or disagree on basic issues?

10. Territory Definition: the area in which a state’s rule applies
A state must have set boundaries, but they are not always agreed on.
Boundaries can change in three ways:
war – people win or lose territory
negotiation – people agree to trade territory
purchase – states can buy territory from other states

11. Where did the word “SOVEREIGNTY” come from?
WAIT!
Where did the word “SOVEREIGNTY” come from?

12. Sovereignty Don’t worry guys!
Remember the definition of “state”? It says, “…with the power to make and enforce laws without having to check with any higher authority…”?
Don’t worry guys!
“Sovereignty” is just a big word that means a state has the ability to rule within its border as it chooses…

13. Sovereignty
That’s SOVEREIGNTY!
Oh! Ok, cool…

14. Sovereignty
Definition: the ability to rule absolutely within a given territory
Because of sovereignty…
states can set their own foreign policy and agendas.
states are all equal in theory, but in reality that isn’t always the case.

15. Public policy is the laws and rules that affect the public!
That’s us!
Government
Definition: the organization that makes and enforces the laws
Government has many roles that all involve making public policy, but there are four main ways their governing affects the public…
Public policy is the laws and rules that affect the public!

16. Government Keeping Order Protecting the Country Providing Services
That’s us!
Government
Keeping Order
Protecting the Country
Providing Services
Making Economic Decisions

17. So by that definition of state…
…the United States is just one big state!

18. Is the United States just one big state?
Figure It Out!
Is the United States just one big state?
Does it have a population?
YES NO
Does it have a territory?
YES NO
Does it have sovereignty?
YES NO
Does it have government?
YES NO

19. What about “states” like Connecticut or Georgia? Are they states?
Figure It Out!
What about “states” like Connecticut or Georgia? Are they states?
Do they have a population?
YES NO
Do they have a territory?
YES NO
Do they have sovereignty?
YES NO
Do they have government?
YES NO

20. They can’t make laws that go against the U.S. Constitution…
They have a higher authority above them!

21. Oops! I forgot. What four things does the government do?
Figure It Out!
Oops! I forgot. What four things does the government do?
Keeps _________
ORDER
Protects the __________
COUNTRY
Provides ___________
SERVICES
Makes___________ decisions
ECONOMIC

22. State vs. Nation
State: political unit with a permanent population, territorial boundaries that are recognized by other states, an effective government, a working economy and sovereignty.
Nation: a group of people who share a common culture and identify as a cohesive group
People are often willing to fight on behalf of their nationality

23. More on States and Nations
Over 200 states in the world today
Is the United States a nation or a state?
If the U.S. is a nation, what makes it a nation?
Nation-State: a state with only one nation within its borders
Example: Iceland and Japan
Stateless-nation: when a nation does not have a territory to call its own
Example: Assyrian Christians of Iraq or Ughirs of western China
Multinational states: a state that includes more than one nation within its borders
Example: United States or Russia

24. Boundaries
Important because boundaries are often at the root of many conflicts of varying scales
Our lives are shaped by boundaries
Neighbors or your yard
City to city
State to state
There are many types of political boundaries
Geometric, physical, cultural, antecedent, subsequent, superimposed and relict

25. Geometric Political Boundaries
Defined: straight-line boundaries that do not relate to the cultural or physical features of the territories involved
Example: North and South Korea, the United States and Canada

26. Physical Political Boundaries
Defined: territory separated according to natural features in the landscape like mountains, deserts or rivers
Example: France and Spain, United States and Mexico

27. Cultural Boundaries
Defined: changes in the cultural landscape-can include things like language or religion
Can be more than one type of boundary at the same time
Examples: Pakistan and India, Spain and Portugal

28. Antecedent Boundaries
Existed before human cultures developed into their current forms-defined and evolved before present human day landscape
Usually the least likely to experience violence or conflict
Examples: Kentucky and Indiana separated by the Ohio River

29. Subsequent Boundaries
Defined: divide space after significant settlement has occurred
It has changed over history with attempt to deal with cultural differences
fairly non-confrontational
Example: United States and Canada

30. Superimposed Boundaries
Defined: forcibly put on a landscape by outsiders, such as invaders or an organization like the United Nations
Most likely to be violent or have conflict
Example: the modern state of Israel or police jurisdictions

31. Relict Boundary
Defined: no longer functions as a boundary but only as a reminder of what once was
Examples: North and South Vietnam, Berlin Wall in Germany

32. Enclave
Defined: state or part of a state, completely surrounded by another state
What could be the benefits of this?
What could be the costs of this?
Examples: Lesotho and South Africa

33. Exclave Defined: a territorial political extension of another state
Example: West Berlin in East Germany
Enclaves and exclaves can cause conflict over boundaries
Example: Azerbaijan has Muslim majority while its neighbor Armenia has a Christian majority
Within Azerbaijan, there is a minority nation of Christian Armenians

34. Thanks for all your help!
Great job, kiddos!
Thanks for all your help!