relative time vs. absolute time

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Presentation transcript:

relative time vs. absolute time the key to the past relative time vs. absolute time relative time order of events or objects from first (oldest) to last (youngest) she is older than he is; she was born first and he was born last absolute time age of events or objects expressed numerically she is twenty-one and he is nineteen

relative age dating concepts original horizontality all sediment originally deposited in water formed in horizontal layers sediments will settle to bottom and blanket the sea floor

relative age dating concepts superposition youngest within a sequence of undisturbed rocks, the oldest rocks are at the bottom and youngest at the top ….young upward… oldest

relative age dating concepts cross-cutting relationships a disrupted pattern is older than the cause of the disruption e.g. an intrusion is younger than the rocks it intrudes

relative age dating concepts inclusions fragments of other rocks contained in a body of rock must be older than the host rock e.g. xenoliths in granite are older than granite and 2) pieces of rock in conglomerate are older than conglomerate

relative age dating concepts unconformities A break in the geologic record, a gap in time Created when rock is eroded or when sediment is not deposited If rock was consistently deposited, and never eroded, we would be able to see all rocks from all time periods (all 4.6 billion years)

relative age dating concepts different types of unconformities angular unconformity • found between horizontal layers of sedimentary rock and layers that have been tilted • contacts between formations may represent significant amounts of time angular unconformity

angular unconformity from: http://www.uakron.edu/envstudies/parks/rmgcan2.html

angular unconformity

relative age dating concepts different types of unconformities disconformity • contact separates sedimentary layers that are parallel • missing time is difficult to recognize (may need other information)

relative age dating concepts different types of unconformities nonconformity • horizontal sedimentary layers lie on top eroded igneous or metamorphic rock • large gap in geologic record

what events occur? angular unconformity

nonconformity what events occur?