Early Rock and Roll.

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Presentation transcript:

Early Rock and Roll

Rise of Youth Culture in the 1950s

James Dean also played a troubled youngster in Rebel Without a Cause (1955, middle), becoming a legend after his untimely death in an automobile accident. What’s That Sound?:An Introduction to Rock and its History, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2012 W. W. Norton & Company

Radio and Records The Rock and Roll Party Rise of the disc jockey The Moondog Show Cleveland Alan Freed Red, Hot and Blue Memphis Dewey Phillips The Rock and Roll Party

Crossover and Covers Crossover Record or song appearing on more than one chart Rhythm and blues crossovers from 1954 Cover versions by white artists Crossover and Covers

The First Rock and Rollers Cross Over Fats Domino Imperial Records (LA) Established career in rhythm and blues Among the first rockers to consistently cross over Thirty-seven Top 40 singles, 1955–1963 Listening example: “Blueberry Hill” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQQCPrwKzdo The First Rock and Rollers Cross Over

The First Rock and Rollers Cross Over Chuck Berry Chess Records (Chicago) Vocal delivery influenced by country music Songwriting style Often targeted teens Story songs Lead guitar bursts were influential Example: “Johnny B. Goode” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFo8-JqzSCM The First Rock and Rollers Cross Over

The First Rock and Rollers Cross Over Little Richard Specialty Records (LA) First to adopt "wild man" persona in rock and roll Target for cover artists Example: “Tutti Frutti” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7pjP_XkK4U The First Rock and Rollers Cross Over

The First Rock and Rollers Cross Over Whitening rhythm and blues Replacing references to sexuality with references to dancing Bill Haley and the Comets Originally a country band “Rock Around the Clock” “Shake, Rattle and Roll” Pat Boone “Ain’t That a Shame” “Tutti Frutti” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdufzXvjqw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DAwBa8Pqi6Y The First Rock and Rollers Cross Over

Elvis Presley Sun Records (founded by Sam Philips in 1952) First demo, 1953 First proper session, July 1954 "That's All Right (Mama)" Rhythm and blues lineage “Blue Moon of Kentucky” Bluegrass lineage https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLfZA6aFv5g Elvis Presley

Elvis Presley RCA Records Phillips takes $35K buyout First single, early 1956 “Heartbreak Hotel” Three-way crossover hit Television Ed Sullivan, Toast of the Town Importance of major label involvement with rock https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71fuhzYDeT4 Elvis Presley

Elvis Presley Elvis’s material Song selector, not writer Rockabilly Most without drums Acoustic bass, acoustic guitar, electric guitar Slapback echo Elvis Presley

The Rise of Elvis Presley Broader appeal through RCA U.S. Army, 1958–1960 Image makeover from 1960 Change to pop song-stylist The Rise of Elvis Presley

Rockabilly Carl Perkins Johnny Cash Jerry Lee Lewis Wanda Jackson Brenda Lee Buddy Holly https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzJ3hiqsi0U&list=PL246B877A652CC198 Rockabilly

Rockabilly Buddy Holly "That'll Be the Day," 1957 Musical style https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvJXCNwzBq4 Rockabilly

Motown Pop and Southern Soul

Sweet Soul Pop hits by black artists in the late 1950s Nat King Cole Johnny Mathis Gospel-influenced pop hits Sam Cooke “ A Change is Gonna Come” Ray Charles “Hit the Road Jack” “A Change is Gonna Come” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gbO2_077ixs “Hit the Road Jack” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rEsVp5tiDQ Sweet Soul

Sweet Soul Artists Drifters Ben E. King’s solo career Dionne Warwick “Sweet soul” style Clyde McPhatter, featured singer Ben E. King, featured singer “There Goes My Baby” Rhythm and blues Orchestral strings Ben E. King’s solo career Dionne Warwick “There Goes My Baby” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3HXy9mGPpI Sweet Soul Artists

Greater opportunities for black artists to have mainstream hits Several regional centers Detroit Memphis Muscle Shoals, AL Atlanta Black Pop between 1964 and 1970

Started by Berry Gordy Motown, or "Hitsville U.S.A Motown

Motown Artists and Sound Supremes No hits until teamed with Holland, Dozier, Holland Long series of hit singles from 1964 to 1967 “Baby Love” Martha and the Vandellas Hits with Holland, Dozier, Holland Clear gospel and rhythm-and-blues roots Motown Artists and Sound

Motown’s founder Berry Gordy, seated left, maintained strong influence and control over the artists on his record label. Here, he sits with the Supremes—Mary Wilson and Diana Ross to his left and Florence Ballard seated behind—discussing an upcoming performance. Gordy employed a large staff to help manage and perfect the Motown sound and image.

Motown Artists Temptations Four Tops Marvin Gaye Stevie Wonder Initial hits written by Smokey Robinson Listening Example: “The Way You Do the Things You Do” Then teamed with Norman Whitfield Their “walk” choreography Four Tops Marvin Gaye Stevie Wonder Viewing (25 mins) Dancing in the Street, part 1 (Motown/ play all) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ct3jgVkPNNg Dancing in the Street, part 2 (Motown/ beginning to 10:33) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zpuqD46V9nM Motown Artists

Southern Soul Southern take on black music Very different than Motown Much more heavily influenced by the blues and gospel Southern Soul

Stax Records center of soul - Stax Records in Memphis Named for founders - Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton (founded 1958) House band: Booker T. and the MGs Integrated: Booker T. Jones (keyboard) and Al Jackson (drums) black, Donald "Duck" Dunn (bass) and Steve Cropper (guitar) white Stax Records

Stax artists Otis Redding Wilson Pickett Aretha Franklin Gospel-influenced vocals Driving accompaniment Wilson Pickett Signed to Atlantic Recorded at Stax, 1965 Delayed backbeat “In the Midnight Hour” Recorded at Fame Studios (Muscle Shoals, AL) Aretha Franklin Listening Ex. “Respect” Written by Otis Redding, who recorded it first Isaac Hayes “Shaft” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqVrNK4uiB4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FOUqQt3Kg0 Stax artists

James Brown Doo-wop style records for King (Cinncinati) Soul style Tight, driving rhythm section Aggressive singing Famous for energetic, dance-filled stage show James Brown

James Brown Recorded album Live at the Apollo Asserted extensive control over his music “Papa’s Got a Brand New Bag, Pt. 1” Led the move toward funk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SV95pdw3pDw James Brown