War of 1812

Causes of the War of Freedom of the seas. 2. American resentment of Britain. 3. American belief that the Brits in Canada were arming and encouraging the Indians. 4. American ambition to annex Canada and Florida. Territorial expansion v. maritime rights?

2. Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair” June 21, June 21, Br. Captain fired on the USS Chesapeake. Br. Captain fired on the USS Chesapeake. 3 dead, 18 wounded. 3 dead, 18 wounded. Br. Foreign Office said it was a mistake. Br. Foreign Office said it was a mistake. Jefferson’s Response: Jefferson’s Response:  Forbade Br. ships to dock in American ports.  Ordered state governors to call up as much as 100,000 militiamen.

3. The Embargo Act (1807): The “OGRABME” Turtle

Presidential Election of 1808 March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1817

4. The Non-Intercourse Act (1809) Replaced the Embargo Act. Replaced the Embargo Act. Remained U. S. policy until Remained U. S. policy until Unexpected Consequences: Unexpected Consequences:  N. Eng. was forced to become self-sufficient again [old factories reopened].  Laid the groundwork for US industrial power.  Jefferson, a critic of an industrial America, ironically contributed to Hamilton’s view of the US!!!

5. British Instigation of Indians British General Brock Meets with Tecumseh

General William Henry Harrison  governor of the Indiana Territory. General William Henry Harrison  governor of the Indiana Territory. Native Indian chiefs brought to Ft. Wayne, IN to sign away 3 mil. acres of land to the US government. (1809) Native Indian chiefs brought to Ft. Wayne, IN to sign away 3 mil. acres of land to the US government. (1809) Tecumseh along with his brother organized a confederacy of Indian tribes to fight for their homelands. Tecumseh along with his brother Tenskwatawa (“The Prophet”) organized a confederacy of Indian tribes to fight for their homelands. Tecumseh’s brother fought against Harrison and was defeated at Tippecanoe. Tecumseh’s brother fought against Harrison and was defeated at Tippecanoe. This made Harrison a national hero! [1840 election  Tippecanoe & Tyler, too!] This made Harrison a national hero! [1840 election  Tippecanoe & Tyler, too!] Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811

“War Hawks” Henry Clay [KY] John C. Calhoun [SC] westerners argued for war in Congress

American Problems The US was unprepared militarily: The US was unprepared militarily:  Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s 800 ships.  Americans disliked a draft  preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias. Financially unprepared: Financially unprepared:  Flood of paper $.  Revenue from import tariffs declined. Regional disagreements. Regional disagreements.

Major Battles of the war of 1812 Detroit Lake Erie Thames River Bladensburg Fort McHenry New Orleans

The Three U. S. Invasions of Canada 1812

Burning of Washington (August 24, 1814) after the Battle of Bladensburg, the British occupied Washington, D.C. and set fire to many public buildings, including the White House (known as the Presidential Mansion at the time)

Battle of Fort McHenry,1814 Oh Say Can You See By the Dawn’s Early Light… -- Francis Scott Key

Treaty of Ghent December 24, 1814 Reestablished prewar boundaries. Lots of blood shed for no apparent reason.

The Battle of New Orleans, 1815

Jackson’s Florida Campaigns James Monroe was President Andrew Jackson takes Florida in The Adams-Onís Treaty The U.S. gets Florida. Spanish rights to the Oregon Territory transfer to the United States.

Results of the War of Growth of American Nationalism. Star-Spangled Banner. Often referred to as the Second War for American Independence. 2. Strengthening of isolationism. 3. Increase in westward migration. 4. Encouragement of American Industry. 5. Disappearance of the Federalist Party.