Do Now Record in your Agenda: Quiz on Friday Open your notebook to the page where you wrote down your 3 favorite meals On that page, write down this question: Would a dessert of a hot fudge sundae have been possible BEFORE the Columbian Exchange? (ingredients: vanilla ice cream, hot fudge) Why or why not? Use your Columbian Exchange Map to help you! What’s on the quiz? Paleo-Indians Land Bridge Theory (Beringia) Coastal Migration Theory Old World and New World maps Native American Cultural Regions vocabulary Native American Cultural Regions map 3 Native American Cultural Regions (not NW coast)
Inspired by Columbus Turn to the next page in your notebook and title it with the title above Record the following: Explorers for Spain called themselves conquistadors which translates to “conquerors” They called themselves this because their intent was to conquer the New World claiming any/all land that they could
Inspired by Columbus continued Now divide the rest of your paper into 4 boxes Here are the headings for the boxes: Top Left: Hernando Cortes (Spanish conquistador) Top Right: Aztecs (Native Americans) Bottom Left: Francisco Pizarro (Spanish conquistador) Bottom Right: Incas (Native Americans)
Inspired by Columbus continued Read the article about each Spanish conquistador or Native American group You are looking for the “big ideas” You need to record at least 7 “big ideas” from each article
the Aztecs (Native Americans in Central America) Empire had existed over 500 years; modern day Mexico (they called it Anahuac) - Tenochtitlan was the temple built for the gods; believed in human sacrifices; Polytheistic - believed in 100’s of Gods - Montezuma was one of the “Great Speakers” or leaders - They were farmers (corn, squash, avocados, beans, sweet potatoes, peppers & tomatoes); raised turkeys - Housing represented social status - Created Pictograms to write (codices) - Legend: A ruler would return in a great white bird that flew over water (believed Cortes was this ruler)
Hernando Cortes (Spanish conquistador) First explored Cuba ; very cruel to Native Americans in Cuban Gold Mines Next explores Mexico and in 1519 became friends with enemies of the Aztecs - Aztecs greeted him with peace & kindness - Cortes jailed Montezuma (Aztec Ruler) & demanded gold – was given $200,000 and then he executed Montezuma - Had conquered the Aztecs & all of Mexico by 1521 - Destroyed the Aztec temples & idols; replaced with Christian statues - Brought Christianity to Mexico
the Incas (Native Americans in South America) The empire spread out over 2000 miles; modern day Peru in the Andes mountains; had excellent roads & bridges - Specific class system with ordinary people at the bottom that had to pay taxes to higher classes - Terrace Farming in the Andes Mountains (potatoes, tomatoes, corn, squash, white & sweet potatoes, peanuts, coca), raised llamas, guinea pigs, ducks, alpacas, and dogs - Oral Traditions (Stories, Songs, Poems); Quipu – a special way of arranging knotted & colored string to record important events - Polytheistic – believed in 100’s of Gods; animal & human sacrifices - Mined copper, gold & silver Conquered by Pizarro
Francisco Pizarro (Spanish Conquistador) Inspired by both Columbus and Cortes 1509 went with another explorer (Balboa) to the New World to “discover” the Pacific Ocean - Pizarro had 2 unsuccessful attempts at trying to find the Incas Pizarro arrived in Canzmaraca, home of the Inca leader Atahualpa - Pizarro planned a surprise attack and captured Atahualpa; demanded a ransom of gold & silver; killed Atahualpa after receiving the gold & silver - Because of the death of Atahualpa, the Inca Empire collapsed and Spain became the richest/powerful nation in the world - Founded the city of Lima, Peru