Chapter 5 Tissues

Tissues Cells are arranged in ____________________________ that provide specific functions for the body Cells of different tissues are _________________________________ differently, which leads to their differences in _____________________________. The Tissues of the body include four major types: Epithelial ______________________________________ Muscular Nervous

Epithelial Tissues Widespread throughout the body – Covers ________________________________ and lines body surfaces Anchored to a ____________________________ membrane Made up of tightly packed cells containing little intercellular material Generally lack ______________________________________ Are frequently replaced Function in protection, secretion, absorption, excretion and sensory reception. There are 9 types of Epithelial Tissues

Structure of Epithelial Tissues

Simple Squamous Epithelium Made up of a ___________________ _ layer of thin, flattened cells Functions in the exchange of ___________________ in the lungs Lines blood and lymph vessels as well as body cavities

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Consists of a single layer of __________________ _-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei Functions in __________________ __ and absorption in the kidneys and in secretion in glands

Simple Columnar Epithelium Made up of rows of _________________________ cells whose nuclei are all located near the basement membrane Lines the ______________, stomach and intestines where it protects underlying tissues, secretes digestive fluids and absorbs nutrients In the intestine, these cells possess _____________________ that increase the surface area available for absorption.

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Appeared ______________________ due to the varying positions of their nuclei within the rows of cells, but are not truly layered. ________________ may be present Cilia on these cells aid in moving eggs through oviducts to the uterus in the female reproductive system

Stratified Squamous Epithelium Made up of _______________ of ___________________ cells that are designed to protect underlying layers Makes up the outer layer of skin Lines the ________________, throat, vagina and anal canal

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Consists of two to three layers of ___________________________ cells lining a _________________ (opening) of the mammary glands, sweat glands and pancreas. Several layers of cells provide greater protection than a single layer.

Stratified Columnar Epithelium Consists of several layers of cells Found in part of the male _______________ and parts of the pharynx

Transitional Epithelium Designed to _________________________ and return to its normal size Found in the urinary bladder Design provides distensibility (_________________________) and keeps urine from diffusing back into the internal cavity

Glandular Epithelium Made up of cells designed to produce and secrete substances into _________________________ or into body fluids ___________________________ glands – glands that secrete products into ducts ___________________________ glands – glands that secrete products directly into body fluids and blood.

Glandular Epithelium

Connective Tissues Bind, support, protect, serve as __________________________________, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells, protect against infection and repair tissue damage Unlike epithelial tissues, connective tissues have abundant _________________________________ material and have good blood supplies (except in cartilage) There are 6 types of connective tissues

Loose Connective Tissue Forms delicate, thin __________________________ _ throughout the body that bind body parts together. Binds the skin to underlying __________________________ and fills spaces within muscle.

Adipose Tissue Designed to store ________________ Found beneath the skin, around joints, padding the ________________________ _ and other internal organs, and in certain abdominal membranes.

Dense Connective Tissue Consists of densely packed __________________ __ and is very strong, but lacks a good blood supply. Is found as part of ___________________ and ligaments

Cartilage Provides a supportive framework for various structures. _______________________________ Cartilage – is white with abundant fine collagen fibers Is found at the end of bones and supports respiratory passages __________________________________ Cartilage Provides a framework for the external ears and parts of the larynx _____________________________________________ Tough tissue that provides a shock-absorbing function in intervertebral disks and in the knees and pelvic girdle

Cartilage

Bone The most rigid _______________________ __ tissue Bone cells are called _________________________ Has a good blood supply, enabling rapid recovery after an injury.

Blood Composed of red and white cells suspended in _________________________ ___ Formed in the red bone _______________________ Functions to transport substances throughout the body.

Muscular Tissue Muscle cells or fibers can ______________________ Muscular tissue consists of three main types: __________________________________

Skeletal Muscle Tissue Attached to ______________________ ________________________ – can be controlled by conscious effort Cells (muscle fibers) are long and cylindrical, ______________________ (striped) and have many nuclei Contract from nervous impulse and then relaxes

Smooth Muscle Tissue Lacks ___________________________, only has one nucleus, and consists of spindle shaped cells ___________________________ – is not controlled consciously Found in the walls of internal _____________________________ and in the digestive tract, blood vessels and urinary bladder

Cardiac Muscle Tissue Found only in the ____________________ Consists of branching ____________________ that are connected to each other Has a single nucleus in each cell, but appears stretched

Nervous Tissue Found in the __________________ _, spinal cord and nerves Neurons or nerve cells conduct nervous __________________ __ __________________ __ (helper cells) support and nourish the neurons