The Geography of Agriculture agriculture : deliberate growing of crops or raising of animals Why study agriculture?  Much of Earth’s dedicated to farming.

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Presentation transcript:

The Geography of Agriculture agriculture : deliberate growing of crops or raising of animals Why study agriculture?  Much of Earth’s dedicated to farming  Only 2% in U.S. engaged in farming  Half of people in LDCs depend on farming  Huge impact on the environment  Our entire way of urban-industrial life based upon commercial farming

A. First Agricultural Revolution 1. Transition away from hunting & gathering 2. Domestication of plants & animals 3. Fertile Crescent (S.W. Asia) about 12,000 years ago 4. Wheat, barley, sheep & goats along Tigris & Euphrates Rivers

Domestication of plants & animals probably emerged as an extension of food gathering activities of hunting & gathering societies.

RICE CORN POTATO WHEAT MILLET

B. Intensive vs. Extensive intensive agriculture 1. intensive agriculture : uses large inputs of labor & capital on smaller areas of land - high yield per unit area of land - fertilizers - water management - activity of half the world’s population… - rice alone feeds 2.8 billion Asians every day

extensive agriculture 2. extensive agriculture : large areas of land & less labor input - yield per unit area is low & populations are low 3. Systems of production: - subsistence (for survival) - commercial (for sale)

C. Types of Subsistence Agriculture 1. Shifting cultivation 1. Shifting cultivation (swidden agriculture): a type of subsistence farming found in tropical rain forest areas  also called slash-and-burn or milpa  cutting, burning (fertilizes & clears pests), then planting  5% of world (Amazon, Congo, Indonesia)

2. Nomadic Pastoralism : 2. Nomadic Pastoralism : a form of extensive subsistence agriculture  animal herds are moved from one forage area to another in patterns of migration  mostly in arid grasslands  milk, cheese, meat, wool, skins Wodaabe of The SaharaTibetan herdsmenTunisian goat herder

transhumance : transhumance : a form of pastoral nomadism where stock is moved to the lowlands in the winter & highlands in the summer

What type of agricultural activity is depicted in each of the slides?

Fruit! Labor intensive or capital intensive? Intensive or extensive land use? Commercial or subsistence? Sedentary or nomadic? ch?v=CvgRhp14TY0

Wheat Labor intensive or capital intensive? Intensive or extensive land use? Commercial or subsistence? Sedentary or nomadic? show-episode-7-midwestern-wheat-farmers-video.htm

Fishing Labor intensive or capital intensive? Intensive or extensive land use? Commercial or subsistence? Sedentary or nomadic? mrr0 Mdk

Cattle Ranching LETAdwgQn4