Modern Growth Chapter 10
Finally, we escaped
Mislabeling history Most observable changes: industrial sector 70%-80% of the population in agriculture Nothing really industrial about the IR Agricultural productivity increased as much as the rest of the economy
Modern growth Growth in income per person ca. 1860s (IR ca in England) Gap between rich and poor economies: 40:1 Income per capita in England: 10-fold ( ) Decrease in population in agriculture: 50%-80% in preindustrial times 2.1% in the US today 3% in France today Changes in social life: Increase in urbanization
Why modern economic growth is so puzzling! Long persistence of the Malthusian trap The escape was the IR in the last 200 years Living standards in Third World countries as low as in most countries pre-1800 (or worse)
Complexity & Simplicity Explaining growth with a single equation:
Adding human capital