Core theme 3: Quantification of the carbon sources and sinks at the European regional scale WP12: Regional assessment for the North Sea WP13: Regional assessment for the West Mediterranean WP14: European Integration Helmuth Thomas and CT3 partners Please visit our posters in the PhD and regular poster sessions

Operational goals: To assess the (Variability of) Carbon uptake and release from / to atmosphere C-Exchange between: Marginal seas, land, atmosphere and Atlantic Ocean Full carbon budget for Western Europe; with CarboEurope IP). Core theme 3:

WP 12: Regional assessment for the North Sea

Observations Statistical model (generalized additive mixed model): produces estimates for each position monthly means & std-errors for SST, fCO 2, … Distribution Simulator Randomly draws combinations for each Lat & Lon computes solubility, transfer velocity, fCO 2 gradient and flux 2.5 percentile 97.5 percentile 50 perc. fCO 2 SST wind speed For each lon. & lat.: estimates  mean & std-error For each lon. & lat.: median & confidence interval fCO 2 and SST Climatology SSS (1°x1°) NCEP/NCAR wind speed (2°x2°) Atmospheric xCO 2 from Mace Head, Ireland Public dataVOS data Determining the reliability of CO 2 air-sea flux estimates See poster by Omar et al. for details

Evolving topic in WP12 Ecosystem metabolism vs. CO 2 air-sea fluxes: How does the trophic state (autotrophy vs., heterotrophy relate to CO 2 air-sea fluxes? Net community production (NCP) = Gross Primary Production (GPP) – community respiration (CR)

Estimating organic carbon fluxes between North Sea and Baltic Sea See talk and poster by Kulinski et al. for details Assessing the DOC source: DOC = f(Salinity, Chl. A, Phaepigment) DOC [mg/L] Time

Metabolic balance, i.e., the gross primary production to community respiration (GPP:CR) ratio, co- governs direction of CO 2 air sea fluxes Determination in the field is expensive Artificial neural network (ANN): GPP:CR = f (depth, DOC, Temp) ANNs can provide a robust tool for the determination of ecosystem metabolism in coastal ecosystems Metabolic balance of coastal ecosystems

Belgian coastal zone (North Sea) Gypens, Borges & Lancelot (in prep.) See posters by Gypens et al. for details

Belgian coastal zone (North Sea) Gypens, Borges & Lancelot (in prep.) See poster by Gypens et al. for details Annual NEP [mmol m -2 y -1 ] Annual CO 2 air-sea flux [mmol m -2 y -1 ] Source Sink Offset CO 2 uptake: ≈300mmol m -2 y -1

WP12/14 Land-Ocean boundary: Wadden Sea CO 2 flux from a tidal flat area source sink

WORKPACKAGE 13.- Regional assessment for the West-Mediterranean Work package objectives 1) To create the data sets, measurement systems, and model set-ups as prerequisite for a quantitative estimate of Mediterranean carbon fluxes and Mediterranean/Atlantic carbon exchanges. 2) To assess the concentration of anthropogenic CO2 in the W. Mediterranean. Universite de Perpignan Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas L'Institut National de Recherche Halieutique

CARBOGIB7 ( ) CARBOGIB8 ( ) CARBOGIB9 ( ) CARBOGIB10 (NEXT WEEK) G3 CB1 CB5 CB2 CB4 Two sampling sections:  CAMARINAL  GIFT (GIbraltar Fixed Time series)  Four more campaigns have been performed from month 25 (January 2007) to month 37 (December 2007) on board the Moroccan RV Al Amir Moulay Abdellah in the Strait of Gibraltar. The periodic sampling aims at examining the temporal variability of the carbon system variables in the strait and the mechanisms controlling the exchange between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

CARBOGIB 7 CARBOGIB 8 MEDITERRANEAN WATERS ARE MUCH MORE ALKALINE AND ENRICHED IN TOTAL CARBON Atlantic inflow Atlantic inflow Mediterranean outflow Mediterranean outflow

 A data set containing results from 6 cruises and a VOS line using Research Vessels passing through the Strait of Gibraltar has been generated (D13.11)

Anthro. CO δ pH 2006 Touratier et al. The Mediterranean Sea: A very high CO 2 and acidified environment

WP14: European Integration CARBOOCEAN – CARBOEUROPE: Martin Heimann’s talk earlier today and Harro Meijer’s talk on Thursday