Workpackage 2: Breeding Systems

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Workpackage 2: Breeding Systems Specific objectives transformation research Development of a reliable transformation protocol for garlic using Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a vector The production of transgenic garlic with an altered S metabolism Persons involved Si-Jun Zheng, Betty Henken, Frans Krens, Chris Kik (Plant RI, Wageningen, the Netherlands)

Short overview of research 2002-2003 In vitro: callus induction and plant regeneration on non-apical parts of roots. Genetic transformation: two transformation systems via GUS and GFP; molecular analysis on transgenic plants. Genetic modification of sulphur metabolism: gene isolation and fusion, transform APS1 gene into garlic.

Development of garlic regeneration system (Zheng et al., 2003. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 39: 288-292)

Development of a garlic genetic transformation system GUS transformation system destructive GFP transformation system non-destructive

Genetic transformation: analysis of transgenic garlic via GUS

Genetic transformation: analysis of transgenic garlic via GFP Garlic plants with GFP expression after selection for 4 months and regeneration for another 3 months (cv. Printanor)

Analysis of transgenic garlic: standard PCR uid A primers resulting in a 710 bp fragment lane 1-3: transgenic garlic lane 4: negative control lane 5: positive control lane 6: 1kb DNA ladder marker 1 2 3 4 5 6

Genomic DNA blot : 802 bp fragment of Cry1Ca PCR product as a probe N 1 2 3 4 M 5 6 7 8 M 9 10 111213 lane 1-13: individual transgenic garlic plant transformed with with pCAMBIA1301- Cry1Ca lane M:  DNA digested with Hind III lane N: untransformed garlic DNA as negative control

Genetic transformation: overview

Genetic modification of S metabolism

ATP sulfurylase isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana and Allium cepa (shallot) cDNA fragment generated from RT-PCR

Fusion constructs used for garlic transformation Arabidopsis APS1-GFP GFP-APS1 Shallot SAPS-GFP GFP-SAPS

ATP sulfurylase (APS1) fused with GFP Lane 1: N-terminus fusion fragment APS1-GFP Lane 2-3: C-terminal fusion fragment GFP-APS1 M: 1kb DNA ladder marker M 1 2 3

Stable expression of fusion protein in garlic leaf APS1-GFP GFP GFP-APS1

Transgenic shoot with APS1-GFP fusion protein

Next steps in transformation research Finalising manuscript on garlic transformation (for Molecular Breeding) Molecular and functional analysis of transgenic plants with APS1 gene (if there is enough time)