Aim #38: How do our cells carry out aerobic cellular respiration? Date: January 4, 2016 Aim #38: How do our cells carry out aerobic cellular respiration? HW: Cornell Notes Chapter 9-1 (Chemical Pathways) pages 221- 225 Quest- Respiration (60 point test)- next Tuesday (period 5), Wednesday (period 1&7) Plant Packet (follow calendar of suggested deadlines!!) Do Now: Warm-Up Notebook Date Title of Activity Page # 1/4 Concept: Photosynthesis & Respiration 70

Aim #38: How do our cells carry out aerobic cellular respiration? Date: January 5, 2016 Aim #38: How do our cells carry out aerobic cellular respiration? HW: Cornell Notes Chapter 9-1 (Chemical Pathways) pages 221- 225 due Wednesday Quest- Respiration (60 point test)- next Tuesday (period 5), Wednesday (period 1&7) Plant Packet (follow calendar of suggested deadlines!!) Happy Birthday Brianna!! Do Now: Warm-Up Notebook Date Title of Activity Page # 1/5 Overview of Respiration 71

Crash Course ATP & Cellular Respiration https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00jbG_cfGuQ

Aim #38: How do our cells carry out aerobic cellular respiration?

1) What is the formula for cellular respiration? C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP

2) Let’s not forget the Big Picture: ATP P P + + Energy + ADP + Energy Cell Activities Cell Respiration

3) Cell Respiration Involves Oxidation-Reduction Reactions This involves the transfer of H+ ions and electrons from one compound to another Every time H+ and its electrons are transferred, energy is also transferred

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

4) Oxidation vs. Reduction A process that consumes energy 2) An atom gains electrons 3) A substance gains H+ 4) GER- gain electrons reduction Oxidation: A process that releases energy An atom loses electrons 3) A substance loses H+ 4)LEO- lose electrons oxidation

NAD+ & FAD+ In cells, there are special compounds that help carry Hydrogen and their electrons from one compound to another. **The Hydrogen and electrons are both sources of energy. These structures help enzymes work, so they are known as coenzymes

5) What is NAD+ and NADH? Compounds transfer electrons and Hydrogens to NAD+ during cell respiration forming NADH. NADH will be utilized later on in cellular respiration to create more ATP molecules

Cell Respiration & Burning are types of Oxidation ENERGY Series of reactions Occurs at body temp Involves enzymes May be aerobic or anaerobic Single reaction Occurs at high temps. No enzymes required Aerobic- must have O2

6) Structure of the Mitochondria 2 Membranes (inner & outer) Matrix- thick fluid on the inside of the inner Membrane 3) Intermembrane Space- the space between the 2 membranes. ** Many of the enzymes & other molecules are involved in respiration are built into the inner membrane.

Aim #38: How do our cells carry out aerobic cellular respiration? Date: January 6, 2016 Aim #38: How do our cells carry out aerobic cellular respiration? HW: Cornell Notes Chapter 9-2 (Krebs Cycle & ETC) pages 226-232 due Friday Quest- Respiration (60 point test)- next Tuesday (period 5), Wednesday (period 1&7) Plant Packet (follow calendar of suggested deadlines!!) Do Now: Warm-Up Notebook **2 Warm-Ups Today** Date Title of Activity Page # 1/6 The Mitochondria 72 1/6 Glycolysis 73

The Steps of Aerobic Cellular Respiration 1. Glycolysis (same as anaerobic respiration) 2. Acetyl CoA Formation 3. Krebs Cycle 4. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

7) Stage 1: Glycolysis Where does Glycolysis take place? Cytoplasm Glucose + 2ATP + 2NAD+  2 Pyruvate + 2NADH + 4ATP Where does Glycolysis take place? Cytoplasm

Stage 1: Glycolysis 3 Carbon Pyruvate 3 Carbon 6 Carbon Structure Glucose + 2ATP + 2NAD+  2 Pyruvate + 2NADH + 4ATP 3 Carbon Pyruvate 3 Carbon 6 Carbon Structure ** Initial investment of energy to break Glucose (2 ATP) Pyruvate

Glycolysis Summary: It takes place in the cytoplasm It requires an input of 2 ATP molecules It creates 4 ATP molecules (net gain of 2) It creates two NADH molecules 5) The 2 pyruvates still hold most of the energy of the original glucose molecule 6) It does not require oxygen!!!!!

8) Stage 2: Acetyl CoA Formation takes place in the Matrix of the mitochondria Pyruvate created during glycolysis now diffuses into the mitochondrion. It will now be converted into a two-carbon compound called Acetyl CoA Continuing the oxidation of the organic molecule Pyruvate + CoA+ NAD+  Acetyl CoA + 2NADH + 2CO2

Stage 2: Acetyl CoA Formation

9) Stage 3: Krebs Cycle Takes place in the matrix of mitochondria AKA: citric acid cycle Acetyl CoA created during step 2 now enters the Krebs Cycle Complete oxidation of the organic molecule to carbon dioxide 2 Acetyl-CoA  4 CO2 + 6NADH + 2FADH2 + 2 ATP

Summary of Krebs Cycle: Takes place in the mitochondrial matrix Produces 6 NADH molecules Produces 2 FADH2 molecules 4) Produces 4 CO2 5) Each glucose molecule sends 2 acetyl-CoA through the cycle 6) Produces only 2 ATP molecules for each glucose

10) Stage 4: Electron Transport Chain Takes place on inner folds of mitochondria (cristae) NADH & FADH2 are electron carriers which transfer their electrons to a succession of membrane proteins on the inner membrane of the mitochondria NADH  3ATPs FADH2  2ATPs This process releases energy and helps form ATP molecules Cytochromes

Stage 4: Electron Transport Chain ** Notice that the final acceptor of the electrons & Hydrogen is Oxygen. Oxygen is a very strong “electron grabber” Hydrogen ions (H+) then combine with the negative charged oxygen atoms to form water ** This process produces 34 ATP molecules

11) Oxidative Phosphorylation: AKA chemiosmosis Actual mechanism by which ATP is produced It uses the energy stored in the proton gradient to power the synthesis of ATP Depends on enzyme ATP synthetase As protons move through the ATP synthetase channel, part of the molecule turns and attaches phosphates to ADP molecules, forming molecules of ATP.

Summary of Cellular Respiration

Summary of Cell Respiration: Stage Location Products Glycolysis Cytoplasm 4 ATP (2 Net), 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate Acetyl CoA Formation Mitochondrial Matrix 2 NADH, 2 CO2 Krebs Cycle Mitochondrial Matrix 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4CO2 ETC / OP Inner Membrane 34 ATP, H2O

Aerobic Total Energy Gain Glycolysis: Pyruvic Acid Breakdown: Kreb’s Cycle: Electron Transport Chain: Total: ATP 0 ATP 34 ATP 38 ATP

Aerobic Cellular Respiration General Summary Energy Materials used Materials produced Time frame Location Importance Chemical bonds in glucose  ATP Glucose, oxygen, water ATP, carbon dioxide, and water 24/7 Mitochondria Provides energy for life functions

Amoeba Sisters Cellular Respiration & Mighty Mitochondria https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Eo7JtRA7lg