1. Cellular Respiration
Pages: 98 to 103 and 357 to 368

2. Understandings - Basics
Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds to produce ATP
ATP from cell respiration is immediately available as a source of energy in the cell
Aerobic cell respiration requires oxygen and gives a large yield of ATP from glucose
Anaerobic cell respiration gives a small yield of ATP from glucose
Cell respiration involves the oxidation and reduction of electron carriers

3. Basic Vocabulary Aerobic Anaerobic Catabolic Anabolic Oxidation
Reduction

4. Oxidation and Reduction
Loss of electrons
Gain of electrons
Gain of oxygen
Loss of oxygen
Loss of hydrogen
Gain of hydrogen
Results in many C-O bonds
Results in many C-H bonds
Lower potential energy
Higher potential energy
OIL RIG or LEO goes GER

5. Oxidation and Reduction
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (as ATP)
What is oxidized?
glucose
What is reduced?
oxygen
Overall Redox reaction

6. Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
Both begin with glucose entering glycolysis
Takes place in cytoplasm
Requires 2 ATP
Glucose is converted into 2 pyruvate
Produces 4 ATP
Net yield of 2 ATP

7. Alcoholic Fermentation
Pyruvate enters into anaerobic respiration when no oxygen is available
No more ATP is created
Pyruvate becomes ethanol by losing carbon dioxide
CO2
pyruvate
ethanol
glucose
pyruvate
ethanol
CO2

8. Fermentation What type of organism uses alcoholic fermentation?
Where is alcoholic fermentation seen in our daily lives?
How does fermentation apply to animals?
What is produced? Does it just continue to build up?

9. Lactic Acid Fermentation
pyruvate
Lactate
glucose

10. Application
Use of anaerobic cell respiration in yeast to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide in baking
Lactate production in humans when anaerobic respiration is used to maximize the power of muscle contractions
Anaerobic respiration Bozeman:

11. Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis: Glucose to Pyruvate
Linking Reaction: Pyruvate loses CO2 and combines with coenzyme A to create acetyl-CoA
Krebs Cycle: Acetyl-CoA to Acetyl-CoA
ETC: NADH and FADH to ATP

12. Aerobic Respiration
How much ATP is produced in each part of the process?
Glycolysis: 2
Krebs Cycle: 2
Electron Transport Chain with the chemiosmosis: 32
What is chemiosmosis?

13. Understandings - Glycolysis
Phosphorylation of molecules make them less stable
In glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate in the cytoplasm
Glycolysis gives a small net gain of ATP without the use of oxygen
In aerobic cell respiration pyruvate is decarboxylated and oxidized, and converted into acetyl compound attached to coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A in the link reaction

14. Glycolysis

15. (1) Fructose-1,6 - bisphosphate
Glycolysis P P P P
(2) 3 carbon compound
(1) 6-carbon glucose
(4) ADP  (4) ATP P
(2) NAD+  (2) NADH
(2) ATP 
(2) ADP P
(2) pyruvate P P
lysis
(2) glyceraldehyde – 3 - phosphate
(1) Fructose-1,6 - bisphosphate

16. Glycolysis Summary 2 ATP used 4 ATPS produced 2 net ATP produced
2 molecules of NADH produced
2 pyruvate molecules produced at end of pathway
Occurs in the cytoplasm
Controlled by enzymes – feedback inhibition blocks the first enzyme pathway if ATP is high

17. Activity Time
Cellular Respiration POGILS

18. LAB TIME
Analysis of results from experiments involving measurement of respiration rates in germinating seeds or invertebrates using a respirometer – LAB TIME!

19. Understandings – Krebs
In the Krebs cycle, the oxidation reactions is carried to the cristae of the mitochondria by reduced NAD and FAD
Analysis of diagrams of the pathways of aerobic respiration to deduce where decarboxylation and oxidation reaction occurs

20. The Link Reaction What did glycolysis just create?
Where are we in the cell?
Where do we need to go in the cell?
What do we need to become in order to start the Krebs Cycle?

21. The Link Reaction

22. The Link Reaction Controlled by enzymes Decarboxylation occurs
Oxidation Reduction occurs
Acetyl CoA can be stored as fats
What is the benefit of this?
When does this occur?

23. Krebs Cycle Also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle
Acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate to make citrate
Citrate gets decarboxylated and oxidized to a 5C molecule
5C is decarboxylated and oxidized to 4C
4C is Oxidized into oxaloacetate

25. Krebs Cycle Summary Two “turns” of the cycle for on glucose molecule
2 ATP per glucose
6 NADH produced
2 FADH2 produced
4 molecules of CO2
How many have been produced so far?
What is the significance of this number?

26. Time for Oxidative Phosphorylation
POGIL TIME

27. Understandings - ETC
Transfer of electrons between carriers in the electron transport chain is the membrane of the cristae is coupled to proton pumping
In chemiosmosis protons diffuse through ATP synthase to generate ATP
Oxygen is needed to bind with the free protons to form water to maintain the hydrogen gradient, resulting in the formation of water

28. Video Time Crash Course: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00jbG_cfGuQ
Bozeman:

29. Understandings - Mitochondria
The structure of the mitochondria is adapted to the function it performs
Electron tomography used to produce images of active mitochondria
Skill: Annotation of a diagram of a mitochondria to indicate the adaptations to its functions