Atomic Structure & Periodic Table review

Which of the following 4 images is the most accurate representation of an atom? 1

Which of the following is the most accurate representation of an atom

Which of the following is the most accurate representation of an atom

Which of the following is the most accurate representation of an atom

Image 3 is the answer

Subatomic particles in an atom where located/charge/relative size Charge of nucleus: + Charge of electron cloud: -- - - - + 0 + 0 +

Subatomic particles in an atom where located/charge/relative size e e N P N P N P

SPACE MASS

Why do we use AMU (atomic mass units) when representing the mass of an atom instead of using grams or kilograms?

Atoms are very small, using grams would result in a number with a scientific notation of 10-23. AMU is a unit used exclusively for atoms, it is much smaller than grams and therefore more useful

Reading Periodic Table Cells 13 Al Aluminum 26.98 Atomic Number Number of protons = Number of electrons Atomic Mass Number (this is an average of isotopes) Mass # - Atomic # = neutron # When calculating # of neutrons, you must round the mass # to a whole number….you can’t have partial Neutrons!

A = P = E M - A = N (MASS) (ATOMIC NUMBER) (NEUTRONS) (ATOMIC NUMBER) (PROTONS) (ELECTRONS) M - A = N (MASS) (ATOMIC NUMBER) (NEUTRONS)

An atom has an atomic number of: 11…..what can you infer 27…..what can you infer 87….what can you infer

An atom has an atomic number of: 11…..what can you infer it has 11 protons it has 11 electrons 27…..what can you infer it has 27 protons it has 27 electrons 87….what can you infer it has 87 protons it has 87 electrons

An ion has an atomic number of 5…..what can you infer 32…what can you infer 11…what can you infer

An ion has an atomic number of 5…..what can you infer it has 5 protons 32…what can you infer it has 32 protons 11…what can you infer it has 11 protons

Find the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for each of the following neutral atoms Calcium (Ca element 20) Chlorine (Cl element 17)

Find the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for each of the following neutral atoms Calcium 20 protons 20 electrons 40-20= 20 neutrons Chlorine 17 protons 17 electrons 35-14= 18 neutrons

Calculate the mass of the following elements Element A has 12 protons, 13 neutrons & 12 electrons Element B has 9 protons, 7 neutrons & 9 electrons

Calculate the mass of the following elements Element A has 12 protons, 13 neutrons & 12 electrons 12 protons + 13 neutrons = 25 mass Element B has 9 protons, 7 neutrons & 9 electrons 9 protons + 7 neutrons = 16 mass

What are the 3 classes of elements on the periodic table What are the 3 classes of elements on the periodic table? What are the properties of each? Where are they located on the periodic table?

Metals: left side of table Shiny Conduct heat and electricity malleable Ductile Metalloids: along the stairsteps Properties of metals and nonmetals (properties may depend on other atoms they are bonded to, temperature, etc..) Semiconductors, used in computer industry NonMetals: right side of table Dull Insulator Do not conduct heat or electricity brittle

Periodic Table Organization (more specific within the classes) Groups/families Information you know about elements in the same group: 1. ???? 2. ???? Find four elements with similar properties Find 2 elements with similar properties and 4 valence electrons (………….)

Periodic Table Organization (more specific within the classes) Groups/families Elements in the same group: group number = number of valence e- group members have similar properties Find four elements with similar properties Find 2 elements with similar properties and 4 valence electrons

Periodic Table Patterns Find four elements with similar properties elements in the same column/family..H, Li, Na Find 2 elements with similar properties and 4 valence electrons (C, Si, Ge…..any in group `4)

Periodic Table Trends Period Information in period: 1. ???? 2. ???? Find 3 elements with 4 electron energy levels Find 3 elements with two energy levels

Periodic Table Trends Period Information in period: period number = number of electron energy levels max # of electrons in each level (ring) period 1….2 e- period 2….8 e- period 3….8 e- Find 3 elements with 4 electron energy levels Find 3 elements with two energy levels

Periodic Table Patterns Find 3 elements with 4 electron energy levels any element in the 4th period/row..K, Cl…. Find 3 elements with two energy levels any element in the 2nd row/period..Li, Be…

Describe the periodic table groups using the following terms: reactive, nonreactive, more stable, inert Alkali metal Alkaline Earth Metal Transition Metal Halogen Noble Gas

Group /family characteristics Alkali metal…..reactive metals, group 1, +1 ion Alkaline earth metal…..reactive metals, group 2, +2 ion Transition metals/elements….more stable metals, located at the center of the table, groups 3-12 Halogen…reactive nonmetals, used in cleaning agents, group 17, -1 ion Noble Gases….nonreactive, inert, nonmetals, group 18, very stable due to complete outer electron ring, do not form ions

Find examples of: Two different groups/families that are both reactive Two different groups/families that are more stable and reactive

Find examples of: Two different groups/families that are both reactive Alkali & Alkaline Earth or Alkaline Earth & Halogen or Alkali & Halogen Two different groups/families that are more stable and reactive Alkali & Transition metals or Alkaline Earth & Transition Metals or Halogen & Transition Metals

What do Na, K and Rb have in common What do Na, K and Rb have in common? What do Mg, P and Cl have in common?

What do Na, K and Rb have in common What do Na, K and Rb have in common? They are all in the same group/family so they have similar properties and all have 1 valence electron What do Mg, P and Cl have in common? The are all in the same period/row. They are in period 3 so they have 3 electron energy levels (shells)

Dull, brittle and non conductive best describes which of the following: Pd, S, Mg, Fe

Dull, brittle and non conductive best describes which of the following: Pd, S, Mg, Fe S (sulfur) because it is a nonmetal and those are nonmetal properties.

Which of the following elements are very reactive: Au, Fe, Cl, Zn

Which of the following elements are very reactive: Au, Fe, Cl, Zn Cl (chlorine) because it is in group 17, the Halogens. The other elements are transition metals which are more stable.

How are groups 1, 2 and 17 different from transition metals (groups 3-12)?

How are groups 1, 2 and 17 different from transition metals (groups 3-12)? 1, 2 & 17 are highly reactive because they are 1 or 2 electrons away from a stable configuration (full valence ring of electrons). Groups 3-12 are transition metals and are more stable.

Describe element properties as you move from left to right across period #..... 1 2 3 4

Ions Formed by losing or gaining electrons Metals give electrons Nonmetals take electrons An atom gives/takes electrons in order to create a complete outer ring of electrons (valence)…..this makes it stable, like the noble gases.

An ion with a charge of +2 has Lost 2 electrons Gained 2 protons Gained 2 electrons Lost 2 neutrons

An ion with a charge of +2 has Lost 2 electrons Gained 2 protons Gained 2 electrons Lost 2 neutrons remember, ions are ONLY CREATED BY CHANGING THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN AN ATOM.

An ion with a charge of -3 has Lost 3 protons Lost 3 electrons Gained 3 electrons Gained 3 protons

An ion with a charge of -3 has Lost 3 protons Lost 3 electrons Gained 3 electrons Gained 3 protons remember, ions are ONLY CREATED BY CHANGING THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN AN ATOM.

Isotopes Different forms of the SAME ELEMENT. Isotopes of an element have different numbers of neutrons therefore they will have a different mass.

D F E B C A Which element is very reactive with 3 electron rings? Which element is a nonmetal with 2 electron rings? Which element is a very reactive metal with 1 valence electron? Which element is inert? Which element has 5 electron rings? Which metal has 2 valence electrons?

D F E B C A Which element is very reactive with 3 electron rings? E Which element is a nonmetal with 2 electron rings? F Which element is a very reactive metal with 1 valence electron? B Which element is inert? D Which element has 5 electron rings? C Which metal has 2 valence electrons? A