1 Define fossils. Preserved remains of life from an earlier time

2 What are the other 4 types of proof that scientists use to prove evolution and give an example of each. Homologous structures- parts with similar pattern but may have different functions (arm and wing)

Types proof cont. DNA-Similar DNA sequences showing close relationships (chimpanzees are 98% similar to humans) Vestigial structures- parts with no current function but functional in ancestor (pelvis in whale)

Types proof cont. Embryological structures- study of organisms in earliest stages (mammals have gill slits and tails as embryos) Fossil record- showing a pattern of change among living things (can be used to show mass extinction & other changes) (casts, molds etc.)

3 Define evolution. Species changing over time

4 What is used to prove mass extinction? Fossil record

5 Who was famous for the hypothesis that species change over time? Charles Darwin

6 What is natural selection and what does it directly act on? Positive characteristics get passed on to offspring and through generations. They act upon a phenotype.

7 What increases the chance that a species will survive? Genetic diversity

8 What are mutations? Copying errors in DNA

9 What is mimicry? Resembling another species by behavior or physical appearance

10 What is camouflage? Blends into surrounding to avoid predators

11 Nature determines if a variation is what? Useful

12 Draw a directional selection diagram.

13 What population increases in the directional selection diagram Favors one of the extreme variations of the trait

14 Draw a stabilizing selection diagram.

15 What population increases in stabilizing selection? Favors the average trait

16 Draw a disruptive selection diagram.

17 What population increases in disruptive selection? Both extreme variations of the trait

fittest 18 Complete this saying, “Survival of the __________”

19 Who does genetic drift affect? Small isolated populations

20 Define genetic equilibrium. No change in a population over many generations

21 Put the following in order from smallest to largest & define: Organism- community - ecosystem -population - biosphere. Biome Next slide

Cont. from previous Organism-1 individual Population-more than 1 of the same species Community-more than 1 species

Cont. Ecosystem-abiotic and biotic in a similar area Biome-areas with similar characteristics Biosphere-from the lowest part of Earth to the highest point above Earth where living organism exist

22. Define niche. Different roles that an organism fills in its environment

23. A population can grow if the following occur: Increased Birthrate Decreased death rate Increased Immigration Decreased Emigration

24. Define exponential growth and its causes. Exponential is when there is a constant growth with unlimited resources (no limiting factors stopping the increase)

25. Define logistic growth and its causes. Increase in population that levels off because of limiting factors (such as food or space).

26. What is abiotic? Give an example Things that are not living and have never been living. Examples: metal, plastic etc.

27. What is biotic? Give an example. Anything living or once living-Ex. Flowers, humans, bears, etc.

28. What is an _________ or plants make their own food and __________ or animals must consume plants or other animals for food. autotroph Heterotroph

29. In an energy pyramid____ % of the energy is lost to the environment and ____ % is passed up to the next level

30 Fill in the blanks. Producers- _________ consumer- ___________ consumer- ___________ consumer. primary secondary tertiary

31 What do the following consume? Herbivores-eats only plants/autotrophs Carnivores-Eats only animals Omnivores-Eats both plants and animals

32 Who benefits in the following type of relationships Mutualism-+/+ Commensalism-+/0 Parasitism-+/- (but no death) Predator/prey-+/- (with death of one organism)

33 what are the key steps in the water cycle?

34 what are the 2 key processes involved in the carbon cycle? Cell respiration and photosynthesis

35 What helps convert nitrogen to different forms? Bacteria