SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion. c. Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states’ rights ideology; include the role of John C. Calhoun and development of sectionalism. d. Describe the war with Mexico and the Wilmot Proviso. e. Explain the Compromise of 1850.

[Essential Question Goes Here] What was the Nullification Crisis and what role did it play in the rise of “states rights” ideology? (pg. 230-232) What role did John C. Calhoun play in the development of sectionalism? (pg. 230-232) Create a Flow Chart on Page 3 [Essential Question Goes Here] Beginning / Causes Middle / Crisis Effects / Outcomes Write you EQ @ the top of Page 3 Your Flow Chart should have 3 parts Beginning Middle End Use the Notes in the next slides to fill-in your chart On the back of Page 3: Define “Sectionalism” Explain Calhoun’s role in growing sectionalism between the North & South

Nullification Crisis In the early 1800s South Carolina’s economy began to weaken in part due to high government tariffs, or taxes, on imports In 1828 Congress passed another tariff, which many called the Tariff of Abominations South Carolina threatened to secede from the U.S. over the high tariffs Why would tariffs hurt Southern states like South Carolina more than Northern States?

Nullification Crisis Vice-President John C. Calhoun, from South Carolina, supported the idea of nullification, or the right of the states to declare federal laws null, or void He declared that states had this power of nullification because the states had created the federal government

Nullification Crisis In 1832, Congress passed yet another tariff law In November 1832, South Carolina declared the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null, and refused to pay the federal government’s taxes on imports

Nullification Crisis President Andrew Jackson ordered a warship to Charleston, viewing the nullification as a treasonous act To ease tensions, Congress passed a bill that gradually lowered tariffs South Carolina repealed its nullification of tariffs and the issue was temporarily solved How was the Nullification Crisis an example of sectionalism?

Bell Ringer Benjamin Franklin was one of the leaders of the American Revolution. He was also a writer and publisher. He used his printing press to share wise sayings that he hoped would help his readers. Some of these sayings he wrote himself. Some he adapted from other sources. Here are some of the sayings Franklin published. Read them carefully then say what virtues you think Franklin admired; write each virtue down in order of each saying. A lie stands on one leg, the truth on two One today is worth two tomorrows Three may keep a secret, if two of them are dead A quarrelsome man has no good neighbors Up, sluggard, and waste not life; in the grave will be sleeping enough Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, & wise An investment in knowledge always pays the best interest Never leave that till tomorrow which you can do today He that goes a borrowing goes a sorrowing What do these sayings mean? Can you re-phrase them in your own words? Be ready with an answer…I’m going to call on some people!

[Essential Question Goes Here] Page 4 Essential Question Why was the War with Mexico fought? (pg. 288-297) What was the Wilmot Proviso & the Compromise of 1850? (pg. 306-309) Alternatively – you may want to describe the Wilmot Proviso & Compromise of 1850 on the BACK of Page 4 [Essential Question Goes Here] War With Mexico Causes Effects Wilmot Proviso Compromise of1850 Create a C/E chart of the War w/ Mexico Next create a section for the Wilmot Proviso & the Compromise of 1850 For both the Wilmot Proviso & the Compromise of 1850 answer the following: What? Who? Why? Answer based on notes &/or Handouts

War With Mexico James Polk become President in 1845, promising to annex Texas, and Oregon. The U.S. annexes Texas, causing a boundary dispute with Mexico. Polk ordered the army into the disputed area where Mexican troops opened fire on the Americans Polk then declared war on Mexico, claiming they were the aggressors

War With Mexico The American army is ordered into Mexico, and out to California Before the troops can reach California, a group of American settlers revolt and take the area naming it the Bear Flag Republic In 1847, the U.S. Army enters Mexico City causing the Mexicans to surrender and ending the war

War With Mexico Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the war, giving the U.S. a vast amount of land in the Southwest The U.S. now stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean Why would this treaty cause problems with the Slavery issue?

Wilmot Proviso Proposed in 1846, that any territory gained from Mexico would not be allowed to have slaves The proposal upset Southerners, and though it passed in the House, the Senate refused to vote on it The Wilmot Proviso continued a north-south sectionalism divided over the slavery issue

Wilmot Proviso To counter the Wilmot Proviso and to ease tension, a proposal was made to allow the new territories to decide for themselves on the slavery issue, an idea called popular sovereignty California applied for statehood in 1849, threatening to break the balance of free and slave states Henry Clay proposed a resolution which became known as the Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850 Though the Compromise initially had little support, it was passed, by dividing it into smaller bills, allowing Congress to vote on each issue separately easing the tension, for the time being, over slavery