Using Horticulture as a Recreation Activity & Therapy THRC2104 MODALITIES1

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE In 1768, Benjamin Rush considered that digging in the soil had a curative effect on the mentally ill, and by 1806 Spanish hospitals were also advocating this form of treatment. By 1879, we have the first case of a greenhouse being built by the Pennsylvania Friends Asylum for the Insane for their residents. During the Second World War, American garden club volunteers brought the joys of gardening to the wounded soldiers. The first undergraduate degree was awarded from Michigan State University in In 1768, Benjamin Rush considered that digging in the soil had a curative effect on the mentally ill, and by 1806 Spanish hospitals were also advocating this form of treatment. By 1879, we have the first case of a greenhouse being built by the Pennsylvania Friends Asylum for the Insane for their residents. During the Second World War, American garden club volunteers brought the joys of gardening to the wounded soldiers. The first undergraduate degree was awarded from Michigan State University in In the United States, the better- known variety of the therapy is practiced in an institutional environment with therapists working alongside rehabilitation and therapy teams. The types of problems that benefit from this treatment are substance abusers, mental or physical disabilities, sensory impairments and geriatric problems. In the United States, the better- known variety of the therapy is practiced in an institutional environment with therapists working alongside rehabilitation and therapy teams. The types of problems that benefit from this treatment are substance abusers, mental or physical disabilities, sensory impairments and geriatric problems. THRC2104 MODALITIES2

GENERAL BENEFITS Enhancing self-esteem; Alleviating depression; Improving motor skills; Providing opportunities in problem solving; Encouraging work adjustment; Improving social interaction and communication; Teaching marketable horticultural and business skills. Enhancing self-esteem; Alleviating depression; Improving motor skills; Providing opportunities in problem solving; Encouraging work adjustment; Improving social interaction and communication; Teaching marketable horticultural and business skills. THRC2104 MODALITIES3

BENEFITS by DOMAINS PHYSICAL: increase range of motion, improve fine motor skills, tone under used muscles, improve coordination and balance, Increase muscular strength. MENTAL: Increases independence, increase self-esteem, increase observation skills, provides choices and ability to use problem solving skills, encourages creativity, provides outlet for stress, anger, and emotions. PHYSICAL: increase range of motion, improve fine motor skills, tone under used muscles, improve coordination and balance, Increase muscular strength. MENTAL: Increases independence, increase self-esteem, increase observation skills, provides choices and ability to use problem solving skills, encourages creativity, provides outlet for stress, anger, and emotions. SOCIAL: opportunity to interact with others, commitment to a living thing, cooperation and team working skills, dealing with success and failure, provides an environment to learn and be inspired by others. SOCIAL: opportunity to interact with others, commitment to a living thing, cooperation and team working skills, dealing with success and failure, provides an environment to learn and be inspired by others. THRC2104 MODALITIES4

AHTA Definitions & Terms Horticulture Therapy: active process which occurs in the context of an established treatment plan where the process itself is considered the therapeutic activity rather than the end product facilitated by a trained therapist to achieve specific and documented treatment goals found in a wide variety of healthcare, rehabilitative, and residential settings Horticulture Therapy: active process which occurs in the context of an established treatment plan where the process itself is considered the therapeutic activity rather than the end product facilitated by a trained therapist to achieve specific and documented treatment goals found in a wide variety of healthcare, rehabilitative, and residential settings THRC2104 MODALITIES5

AHTA Definitions & Terms Therapeutic Horticulture: a process that uses plants and plant-related activities through which participants strive to improve their well-being through active or passive involvement. goals are not clinically defined and documented but the leader will have training in the use of horticulture as a medium for human well-being Therapeutic Horticulture: a process that uses plants and plant-related activities through which participants strive to improve their well-being through active or passive involvement. goals are not clinically defined and documented but the leader will have training in the use of horticulture as a medium for human well-being THRC2104 MODALITIES6

THRIVE: Using gardening to change lives (UK) Social & Therapeutic and therapeutic horticulture is the process of using plants and gardens to improve physical and mental health as well as communication and thinking skills. uses the garden as a safe and secure place to develop someone's ability to mix socially & make friends learn practical skills that will help them more independent. Social & Therapeutic Horticulture Social & Therapeutic and therapeutic horticulture is the process of using plants and gardens to improve physical and mental health as well as communication and thinking skills. uses the garden as a safe and secure place to develop someone's ability to mix socially & make friends learn practical skills that will help them more independent. Social & Therapeutic Horticulture THRC2104 MODALITIES7

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Benefits It can help people to learn new skills Can help slow down the deterioration Change in mood Connect with the natural world away from illness It can help people to learn new skills Can help slow down the deterioration Change in mood Connect with the natural world away from illness Physical activity & movement Motivation for self-care Caring and nurturing a living, growing thing Physical activity & movement Motivation for self-care Caring and nurturing a living, growing thing THRC2104 MODALITIES9

Success Stories from THRIVE THRC2104 MODALITIES10

AHTA Definitions & Terms Social Horticulture: sometimes referred to as community horticulture a leisure or recreational activity related to plants and gardening No treatment goals are defined, no therapist is present, and the focus is on social interaction and horticulture activities Social Horticulture: sometimes referred to as community horticulture a leisure or recreational activity related to plants and gardening No treatment goals are defined, no therapist is present, and the focus is on social interaction and horticulture activities THRC2104 MODALITIES11

AHTA Definitions & Terms Vocational Horticulture: focuses on providing training that enables individuals to work in the horticulture industry professionally, either independently or semi- independently individuals may or may not have some type of disability Vocational Horticulture: focuses on providing training that enables individuals to work in the horticulture industry professionally, either independently or semi- independently individuals may or may not have some type of disability THRC2104 MODALITIES12

RESEARCH Improves strength, stamina and mobility Increases energy and endurance Exercises hand-eye coordination Encourages social interaction Improves strength, stamina and mobility Increases energy and endurance Exercises hand-eye coordination Encourages social interaction Improves coping skills and motivation Helps build good work habits and attitudes Reduces anxiety, stress, and tension Increases confidence and hopefulness Rewards nurturing behavior Improves coping skills and motivation Helps build good work habits and attitudes Reduces anxiety, stress, and tension Increases confidence and hopefulness Rewards nurturing behavior THRC2104 MODALITIES13

RESEARCH Stimulates senses through observing, touching, tasting, and smelling plants Improves concentration and ability to focus Teaches new skills and provides job training Improves problem-solving and planning skills Exercises the memory and promotes positive thinking Stimulates senses through observing, touching, tasting, and smelling plants Improves concentration and ability to focus Teaches new skills and provides job training Improves problem-solving and planning skills Exercises the memory and promotes positive thinking THRC2104 MODALITIES14

TYPES OF GARDENS HEALING designed as a retreat and a place of respite THERAPEUTIC it has been designed to meet the needs of a specific user or population should be designed as part of a multi-disciplinary collaborative process by a team of professionals HORTICULTURE THERAPY designed to support primarily horticultural activities RESTORATIVE OR MEDITATION employs the restorative value of nature to provide an environment conducive to mental repose, stress-reduction, emotional recovery, and the enhancement of mental and physical energy. HEALING designed as a retreat and a place of respite THERAPEUTIC it has been designed to meet the needs of a specific user or population should be designed as part of a multi-disciplinary collaborative process by a team of professionals HORTICULTURE THERAPY designed to support primarily horticultural activities RESTORATIVE OR MEDITATION employs the restorative value of nature to provide an environment conducive to mental repose, stress-reduction, emotional recovery, and the enhancement of mental and physical energy. THRC2104 MODALITIES15

Activities of Plant Propagation SEEDS CUTTINGS DIVISION EXTERNAL “BABIES” BULBS & TUBERS SEEDS CUTTINGS DIVISION EXTERNAL “BABIES” BULBS & TUBERS THRC2104 MODALITIES16