SPM 200 Clinical Skills Lab 1 Heart Sound and Echocardiography Daryl P. Lofaso, M.Ed, RRT

Heart Sounds S1: “ lub” occurs at the beginning of systole (mitral and tricuspid close) S2: “dub” marks the start of diastole, (aortic and pulmonic close) S3: (ventricular gallop) early signs of CHF S4: (atrial gallop) pulmonic stenosis, aortic stenosis, hypertension, MI & cardiomyopathy

Cardiac Murmurs Three Main Factors High flow rate through normal or abnormal orifices Forward flow through a constricted or irregular orifice or into a dilated vessel or chamber Backward or regurgitant flow through an incompetent valve, septal defect, or patent ductus arteriosus.

Echo views

Transthoracic Echo Views

Transthoracic Apical View (4 Chamber) RA – Right Atrium TV – Tricuspid Valve RV – Right Ventricle LA – Left Atrium MV – Mitral Valve LV – Left Ventricle www.images.md

Parasternal Long Axis View RV – Right Ventricle LA – Left Atrium Ao - Aorta LV – Left Ventricle www.images.md

Parasternal Short Axis View RA – Right Atrium TV – Tricuspid Valve RV – Right Ventricle PV – Pulmonic Valve PA – Pulmonary Artery AV – Aortic Valve LA – Left Atrium www.images.md

Parasternal Short Axis View – Apex RV – Right Ventricle LV – Left Ventricle www.images.md