Shakespeare’s language

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Presentation transcript:

Shakespeare’s language

Do Now – Journal Entry #1 You will need: Notebook Pen/pencil During Caesar, you will have weekly Journal Entries on Friday. They will range from narrative prompts and free response to analysis. Journal entries will be done IN CLASS and will count for 30 points each week.

Use 3-4 of the following phrases to create a story for your journal based on your knowledge of the Elizabethan era. flesh and blood vanish into thin air pomp and circumstance seen better days a sorry sight neither rhyme nor reason full circle dead as a doornail for goodness sake green-eyed monster Not a mouse was stirring In a pickle Not slept one wink Too much of a good thing Foul play

Agenda and objective AGENDA OBJECTIVE DO NOW/SHARE OUT Reading Shakespeare: puns, imagery and malapropisms Students will analyze the specifics of Shakespeare’s language in order to evaluate how his style impacts our understanding of the text.

Reading Shakespeare

Shakespeare’s poetry We speak in prose (language without metrical structure). Shakespeare wrote both prose and poetry (verse). To understand his poetry , we need to understand these terms: Blank Verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter. Iambic Pentameter: five beats of alternating unstressed and stressed syllables; ten syllables per line.

Iambic Pentameter IAMB = metrical FOOT with one unstressed syllable and a 2nd STRESSED syllable. (we show it as PENTA = FIVE! METER = Length of the line

1 2 3 Ta-TUM Five Feet! 4 5

Shall I com PARE thee TO a SUM- mer’s DAY?

How sweet the moon light sleeps upon this bank!

Puns A pun is a joke based on the use of a word, or more than one word, that has more than one meaning but the same sound. Mercutio: “Nay, gentle Romeo, we must have you dance.” Romeo: “ Not I, believe me. You have dancing shoes/ With nimble soles; I have a soul of lead.” What is the pun here? What might Shakespeare be trying to point out?

Explanation Soles--The bottom or under part of a shoe or foot. Souls--The emotional part of human nature; the seat of the feelings or sentiments. Romeo says he can’t dance--his soul is heavy, he is depressed.

Examples I was just arrested at the airport. Just because I was greeting my cousin, Jack! All I said was, “Hi Jack,” but very loud. I hear this new cemetery is very popular. People are just dying to get in. I wondered why the baseball was getting bigger. Then it hit me.

Thou, thee and thy Thou = You Thee = You Thy = Your Example: “Thou wilt fall backward when thou hast more wit, Wilt thou not Jule?” Translation: You will fall backward when you have more wit, Will you not, Jule?

Inversion Sometimes Shakespeare will invert the verb and the subject. For instance, he might write, “Went I to Bellarmine.” instead of “I Went to Bellarmine.” Example: “Then dreams (verb) he (subject) of another’s benefice.” Translation: He dreams of another’s benefice.

Diction – Word Choice There are three problems with Shakespeare’s word choice: First - he uses words that no longer exist in the English we speak. Second - he uses words that are in our language, but now have a different meaning to us. Third – he uses words that are in our language, but we simply don’t know what these words mean – you should look them up.

Some translations to help you … still = always soft = slowly, gently mark = listen an = if fell = cruel, fierce, deadly to-night = last night perforce = we must, you must kind = true to one’s nature ay = yes fain = gladly marry = swear word anon = at once plague, pox, ague = disease wherefore= why

Contractions For purposes of rhythm, Shakespeare uses contractions to cut out syllables ‘a = he (often) o’er = over 'tis ~ it is ope ~ open gi' ~ give ne'er ~ never Examples: i' ~ in o’ = on e'er ~ ever th’ = the oft ~ often i’ = in e'en ~ even ‘t – it ta’en = taken ‘em = them

Copy these lines down and translate them on a separate piece of paper. For I ne’er saw true beauty till this night. O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? Do not swear at all/ or, if thou wilt, swear by thy gracious self … A plague a both your houses. Tybalt, liest thou there in thy bloody sheet?