Kwasi Badu-Tweneboah, Ph.D., P.E. – Geosyntec Consultants Jacksonville, Florida, USA Kenneth W. Cargill, P.E. – KW Cargill, P.A.. Punta Gorda, Florida, USA Challenges of Dredging and Material Disposal at a LNG Facility in Savannah Harbor, Georgia, USA

Presentation Outline Project Location and Background The Business – LNG Operations Contract and Permit Requirements Dredging Challenges Evaluation of Dredging Options Disposal Challenges Prediction of DMCA Life Evaluation of Disposal Options Summary 2 2

Project Location and Background Located 5 miles East Northeast of Savannah Bounded by the Savannah River, South Channel, and Intracoastal waterways River Mile 7.5 Lower Savannah Harbor Most seaward port facility 3

The Business – LNG Operations Storage capacity 11.5Bcfe Delivery rate capacity: – Firm delivery rate1,518MMcf/d – Maximum delivery rate1,755MMcf/d Storage capacity 11.5Bcfe Delivery rate capacity: – Firm delivery rate1,518MMcf/d – Maximum delivery rate1,755MMcf/d 4

Relevant Infrastructure Turning Basin – Approx. 33 acres conforming with U.S. Coast Guard minimum (FERC Recommendation) Ship Slip – Approx. 44 acres, berths for 2 ships simultaneously DMCA 1 – Approx. 130 acres, dike last raised 2011, current dike elevation 50 ft MLW, being used for disposal DMCA 2 – Approx. 120 acres, dike last raised 2009, being intensively managed for drying and material harvesting, current dike elevation 44 ft MLW 5

Dual Ship Off-loading 6

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Dredged Material Containment Areas 8

Contract and Permit Requirements Typical 1-month notification of LNG Tanker ship coming Huge Financial Penalty if ship cannot come or dock Maintain required dredge depths year round – Ship Slip: -42 ft MLW min. (-46 ft max.) – Turning Basin: -38 ft MLW min. (-42 ft max.) – Dredging ship slip every 2 to 3 months – Annual total volume ≈ 1 million cubic yards 9

Dredging Challenges Rapid Sediment Accumulation – Loading Conditions of Savannah River – Ship Slip and Turning Basin acting as Bath Tubs (Sinks) Permit Renewal Challenges – 20-month (in lieu of 5-yr) permit issued in July 2011 – New renewal application tied with upper harbor users – Water quality and EFH conditions - NMFS, USFWS, GAEPD, SCDHEC Procurement and Mobilization of Dredging Contractor – One hydraulic cutterhead dredger in Savannah River – Use by USACE and other harbor users – Scheduling of next dredging event Disposal Issues 10

Dredging Challenges 11

Evaluation of Dredging Options Long-term contract with hydraulic cutterhead dredging contractor   – Lump sum contract ($5/cy to $10/cy in lieu of typical $3/cy to $4.50/cy) – Continual negotiations with USACE to release dredge Purchase and operate its own dredge   Contract dredging operations to a non-dredging contractor  Pursue alternative dredging solutions  – Use of I-beam bed leveling – agitation dredging Nationwide Permit (NW) 5 issued by USACE as research study Four trial tests completed to date – results being analyzed – Use of clamshell bucket dredging and ocean disposal Permitting Challenges Tier III testing and analyses 12

Disposal Challenges Long-Term Dredged Material Management Plan (DMMP) – Prediction of DMCAs Life using Corps’ PSDDF software program Impact of Increased Frequency of Dredging – Rapid Filling of DMCAs – Less Time for consolidation and desiccation – Changes to Dike Raising schedules Dike Raising Constraints – Maximum dike height of 62 to 68 ft MLW – Stability Constraints – Availability of fill material 13

Prediction of DMCA Life Using Corps Model PSDDF Cases Comments Dredging Event Thickness Deposited (ft) Estimated Life Expectancy DMCA 1DMCA 2 DMCA 1DMCA 262 ft68 ft62 ft68 ft Case 1 2 dredging events per year: SS and TB 1April Apr-25Apr-29Oct-24Oct-28 2October Case 2 3 dredging events per year: SS and TB 1March Jul-25Mar-29Nov-24Nov-28 2July November Case 3 3 dredging events per year: SS 1March Mar-49-Jul-50- 2July November Case 4 3 dredging events per year: SS 2 dredging events per year: TB 1March Mar-25Mar-29Mar-27Nov-28 2July November Notes: SS = Ship Slip; TB = Turning Basin 14

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Evaluation of Disposal Options Bed leveling in ship slip  o Nationwide Permit (NW) 5 issued – results of trial tests being analyzed o Allow more drying time in DMCA by increasing time between dredging Intensive management of DMCA drainage and dredged material harvesting  o Concepts developed during last DMCA 1 dike raising o Concepts currently being implemented in DMCA 2 o Final objective is system steady state where volume capacity of DMCA is perpetually restored between dredging Negotiations with USACE  – Use of SC DMCAs for dredged material disposal – Ship Slip and Turning Basin are for a single user Ocean Disposal  16

Development of Interior Borrow Pits 17

Concept of Intensive DMCA Management Rapid removal of decanted water immediately after end of dredging and constant removal of drainage Use of specialty equipment to create and enhance drainage pathways Early and continual removal of dredged material slurry at perimeter to promote interior desiccated crust Early and continual removal of desiccated crust on perimeter of DMCA Development of interior borrow pits for material mining as possible Removal of desiccated and consolidated material and hauling to stockpile areas 18

19 Concept of Intensive DMCA Management

20 Concept of Intensive DMCA Management

22 Concept of Intensive DMCA Management

Tracking Consolidation and Settlement 23

24 On-going Settlement in DMCA 2

Preliminary Construction Costs 3-yr contract for $5.9 million signed in 8/2011 Average cost of $120,000 per month to date 29% of contract expended thru 9/2012 $500,000 per ft of settlement gained thru 9/2012 Key equipment used to date: – 1 Swamp buggy – 2 Long-reach excavators – 1 dozer – 1 harrow/tractor

Summary Dredging Permits for Ship Slip and Turning Basin – Dredge anytime of year – No DO Limit and no fish windows Ability to dredge when needed – Continual negotiations with USACE and dredge contractor – Permit and implement bed leveling concept Have disposal capacity in DMCAs thru 2050 – Intensive DMCA management – Ocean disposal 26

Thank You 27