1) List your earliest memory. What specifically stands out? 2) Discuss this memory with a partner. We will hear a sample.

Neurobiology Lessons: What Medical Educators Need to Know Garrett Meyers, MD Lesley Hamilton, MSOM, MACM February 25, 2012

Objectives Examine the neurobiology of learning and memory Explore the 7 principles most relevant to medical education Compile a “toolkit” of techniques harnessing each principle

Take-Home Points Education changes brains! Consider these changes when planning learning sessions Use your toolbox of evidence-based educational practices

Increasing reference availability reflects the growth of our knowledge.

Remember – the brain is an organ.

The brain has three major divisions.

The limbic system includes structures responsible for long-term memory storage.

The cerebral cortex is inextricably linked to the limbic system.

Information Processing Model

OUTOUT OUTOUT OUTOUT Sensory Register Immediate memory Long-Term Storage Working memory STORING RETRIEVING

Cognitive Belief System Self- Image

Activity – IP Model In your folders are information sheets with four primary roles for the Information processing Model. Each individual should take 2-3 minutes to read their role and prepare to discuss with your table. 1. Sensory Register 2. Immediate memory 3. Working memory 4. Long-term Storage / Memory

OUTOUT OUTOUT OUTOUT Sensory Register Immediate memory Long-Term Storage Working memory STORING RETRIEVING

The brain has > 1 billion neurons.

An increased number and strength of synaptic connections form when learning.

Memory is a dynamic process.

So What? - Activity –Using your handout, take a moment to rank the seven principles of neurobiology listed, in order of their importance to your teaching efforts. –We will poll for your results.

Seven Principles for Education Active Engagement Attention Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory Stress Sensory Integration Vision and Visualization

1) Active Engagement

Functional changes in neural circuitry occur best when the learner is actively engaged. Active Engagement

Medical education is slowly changing. Active Engagement

Board Activity #1 With your table, use the sheets provided to list strategies that you have used or will use to harness the principle of active engagement.

2) Attention

“Multitasking, when it comes to paying attention, is a myth.” - Dr. John Medina

After 10 minutes, audience attention steadily drops. Attention

After 10 minutes, tell a story, show a video, have the learners do something. Keep it relevant! Attention

3) Short term memory “______________ is the key to adult learning.”

“Going deeper,” rather than touching on all information, results in deeper understanding and better retention. Short-term memory

4) Long-term memory

Memory is not fixed at the moment of learning. Repetition, with appropriate spacing, is the fixative. Long-term memory

OUTOUT Long-Term Storage Working memory STORING RETRIEVING SENSE MEANING

Board Activity #2 With your table, use the sheets provided to list strategies that you have used or will use to harness the principles of attention and repetition.

5) Stress

Stress can generate molecular signals that facilitate synaptic potentiation. Moderation is key. Stress

6) Sensory Integration

What do you think of when you see the word “orange?” 1512

How does the use of all the senses help in learning and developing long-term memory? Sensory Integration

7) Vision and Visualization

Visual cues, and even visualization, cause the firing of sets of “mirror neurons” in the premotor cortex. Vision / Visualization

Board Activity #3 With your table, use the sheets provided to list strategies that you have used or will use to harness the principles of stress, sensory integration, and visualization.

Seven Principles for Education Active Engagement Attention Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory Stress Sensory Integration Vision and Visualization

Other Principles Exercise Sleep / Fatigue

Inside its bony castle, the brain needs movement!

Sleep is instrumental in moving learning into memory.

orange What year was the first recorded use in English of the color name orange ?

Take-Home Points Education changes brains! Consider these changes when planning learning sessions Use your toolbox of evidence-based educational practices

Commitment to Act How will you incorporate these principles in your teaching? Your feedback is important to us!