Matter Matter Unit Review for District Assessment By: Amaya N. Dixon Date:

1.Color 2.Length 3.Height 4.Odor/Smell 5.Volume 6.Density 7.Mass Did you know? ★ Extensive properties, such as Mass and Volume, depend on the amount of matter being measured. ★ Intensive properties, such as Density and Color, don’t depend on the amount of a substance present. ★ Physical properties can be measured without changing a substance's chemical identity. 2 Question #1 7 Physical Properties of Matter

Question #2 Examples of How Matter Changes Physically Water - Liquid, Ice, Clouds Moving between a Solid, a Liquid, and a Gas: This process involves adding heat energy, but does not change the molecular structure of the substance. 3 What is physical change? Any change that occurs without altering the chemical composition of a substance. Spices Grinding something into a powder or making a lump out of something: By doing this you change somethings shape and size. Magnets Magnetizing metal

Question 3 Examples of How Matter Change Chemically ? What is a chemical change? Chemical change is any change that results in the formation of new chemical substances Caramel : The heat from the cooking converts to sugar molecules into different molecules that give caramel its color and flavor. Carbonation: When two or more substances combine together in a carbonated chemical reaction Sugar: When you dissolve sugar in water the sugar dissociates into its ions, so a chemical change occurs 4

Question# 4 What is a Mixture? A mixture is a material system made up of two or more different substances which are mixed but are not combined chemically. A mixture refers to the physical combination of two or more substances on which the identities are retained and are mixed in the form of solutions, suspensions, and colloids. Examples 5 Colloid Solution Mixture

Question# 5 Tools and ways to Separate Mixtures: Wood & Rice You could use your fingers or chopsticks to pick out the wood pieces then add water and stir the rice so that the wood floats to the top then pick it of the top. Water & Sand Heat up the pan and wait until the water evaporates. Sand will be left at the bottom because it never dissolved with the water in the first place. Water & Salt Boil the solution until all the water has evaporated. The salt is too heavy to evaporate with the water therefore it will remain in the container 6

Question# 6 & 7 What is a Solution A solution is defined as a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is evenly distributed inside the major component (the solvent). Why are Solutions considered a special type of Mixture? Example Sand vs. Sugar ★ Sugar dissolves and is spread throughout the glass of water, however the sand sinks to the bottom. ★ The sugar-water is a homogenous mixture while the sand-water is a heterogeneous mixture. ★ Both are mixtures, but only the sugar-water can also be called a solution, This is because the molecules of the solute are evenly distributed among the solvent. 7

Questions 8 & 9 Solubility Solubility is defined as the property of matter (solid, liquid, gas) to dissolve in a solvent. 8 Do all properties change when one substance dissolves in another? No, many of the properties change such as taste, color, concentration, boiling point, & freezing point. Even though it’s a solution the changes are still physical because no chemical reaction has occurred. There is an exception to every rule, example: Kool Aid (powder), Sugar, & Water vs. Baking Soda & Vinegar If you mix each one together you’ll see the difference, one fizzes and the other doesn’t. Why? Because one is a physical change and the other is chemical.

Questions 10 & 11 Dissolving Substances Water & Salt ★ Boil the solution until all the water has evaporated. ★ The salt is too heavy to evaporate with the water therefore it will remain in the container. Water & Sugar ★ Boil the solution until all the water has evaporated. ★ The sugar is too heavy to evaporate with the water therefore it will remain in the container. When you dissolve sugar or salt in water, why doesn’t the mass of the substance change? The crystals do not disappear but are broken down into smaller pieces that are not visible to the naked eye. 9

Question#12 Sink or Float? How does mass and volume determine if an object will sink or float? You must calculate them together to determine the object's density compared to the liquid it will be placed in. ★ If volume is higher than mass an object will float ★ Same if they are the same an object will suspend ★ If mass is higher than volume an object will sink 10

Question# 13 Density block experiments and Tools Density Blocks 1.Pine 2.Oak 3.PVC 4.Aluminum 5.Acrylic 6.Steel 7.Brass 8.Copper 11 Materials 1.Triple Beam Balance 2. Graduated Cylinder or beaker Tub of Water Tongs Paper Towels

Question#14 Particle arrangement Mixture Vs. Solution 12 In a mixture particles are arranged Concentration of the substance mixture is Random Unevenly distributed throughout Easily separated In a solution particles are arranged Uniform composition Evenly distributed throughout Not easily separated

Question#15 If pieces of a mixture are separated into layers is it also a solution ? No, it's not a solution, because in a solution the particles are evenly mixed and if it's in layers then they are not mixed at all. 13

Question#16 Properties that change and that don't Example: Lemonade 14 Two that don't change 1.Saturation point 2.Amount of liquid Things that Change 1.Concentration 2.Color 3.Taste

Question #17 & 18 Volume and Tools used to Measure Volume is defined as the amount of space an object occupies Tools used measure 15 Graduated Cylinder Measuring Spoons Measuring Cup Beaker

Question #19 What is Buoyancy Buoyancy is defined as the tendency of an object to float in liquid or air 16

Questions 20, 21, & 22 Mass Mass is defined as the amount of matter in an object. Tools used for Mass 1.Bathroom scale 1.triple beam balance 17 How is Weight different from Mass? ★ Mass and weight are measured the same, with a bathroom scale. ★ But, masses definition is the amount of matter in an object and weights is how much gravity is weighing down on an object. ★ Mass is measured in grams and weight is measured in Newtons

Question#23 & 24 What is Density and Tools used to Find it Density is defined as the amount of matter (mass) in a specific amount of space 18 Graduated Cylinder Tools used find It Beaker Measuring Cup Measuring Spoons Triple Beam Balance

Question #25 Process of Condensation Condensation is a process where water molecules of gas slow down and come together to form a liquid. 19

Question #26 & 27 Model of Solid, Liquid, and Gas Molecules 20 Heat Increasing Decreasing Heat Solid Observations: Molecules are orderly and dense. Have a definite shape and volume Liquid State Observations: Molecules are disorderly and slightly less dense. Have a definite volume and take on the shape of the container Gas State Observations: Molecules are disorderly and must lower density. Do not have a definite shape and volume