Regents Biology

Regents Biology Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air

Regents Biology Plants are energy producers  Like animals, plants need energy to live  Unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat food to make that energy  Plants make both food & energy  animals are consumers  plants are producers

Regents Biology How do plants make energy & food?  Plants use the energy from the sun  to make ATP energy  to make sugars  glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, & more sun ATP sugars

Regents Biology H2OH2O Building plants from sunlight & air  Photosynthesis  2 separate processes  energy building reactions  collect sun energy  use it to make ATP  sugar building reactions  take the ATP energy  collect CO 2 from air & H 2 O from ground  use all to build sugars ATP sun sugars + carbon dioxide CO 2 sugars C 6 H 12 O 6 CO 2 water H 2 O +

Regents Biology Using light & air to grow plants 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 sun energy  +++  glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide sun energy + water + (ATP)  Photosynthesis  using sun energy to make ATP  using carbon dioxide & water to make sugar  in chloroplast  allows plants to grows  makes a waste product  oxygen

Regents Biology What do plants need to grow?  The “factory” for making energy & sugars  chloroplast  Fuels  sunlight  carbon dioxide  water  The Helpers  enzymes H2OH2O sugars ATP Make ATP! Make sugar! I can do it all… And no one even notices! enzymes CO 2 sun

Regents Biology Photosynthesis energy building reactions sugar building reactions ATP ADP CO 2 sugar sun

Regents Biology Chloroplasts are only in plants animal cells plant cells

Regents Biology CO 2 Chloroplasts in cell Leaf Chloroplast absorb sunlight & CO 2 make energy & sugar Chloroplasts contain Chlorophyll

Regents Biology  Bring In  CO 2 H2OH2O  light  Let Out O2O2  Move Around  sugars So what does a plant need? 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 light energy  +++ roots shoot leaves

Regents Biology Leaf Structure phloem (sugar) xylem (water) stomate guard cell palisades layer spongy layer cuticle epidermis

Regents Biology Transpiration H2OH2OCO 2 O2O2 H2OH2O xylem (water) stomate guard cell  gases in & out  water out O2O2

Regents Biology Transpiration  Water evaporates from the stomates in the leaves  water molecules stick to each other  more water is pulled up the tree

Regents Biology Stomates  Function of stomates  CO 2 in  O 2 out  H 2 O out guard cell stomate

Regents Biology

Xylem carry water up from roots

Regents Biology Phloem: food-conducting cells  carry sugars around the plant wherever they are needed  new leaves  fruit & seeds  roots

Regents Biology Putting it all together  Making a living…  sunlight  leaves = solar collectors  photosynthesis  gases: CO 2 in & O 2 out  stomates = gases in & out H2OH2O  roots take in water from soil  pulled up by leaf evaporation  nutrients  roots take in from soil

Regents Biology How are they connected? glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy dioxide C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 6CO 2 6H 2 OATP  +++ Respiration Photosynthesis 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 light energy  +++  glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide sun energy + water +

Regents Biology H2OH2O Energy cycle Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration sun The Great Circle of Life! Where ’ s Mufasa? glucose O2O2 CO 2 plants animals, plants ATP

Regents Biology The poetic perspective  All of the solid material of every plant was built out of thin air  All of the solid material of every animal was built from plant material Then all the cats, dogs, mice, people & elephants… are really strands of air woven together by sunlight! sun air

Regents Biology Got the energy… Ask Questions!!

Regents Biology Energy needs of life  All life needs a constant input of energy  Animals = Heterotrophs  get their energy from “eating others”  eat food = other organisms = organic molecules  make energy through respiration  Plants = Autotrophs  get their energy from “self”  get their energy from sunlight  build organic molecules (food) from CO 2  make energy through photosynthesis

Regents Biology How do plants live?  Photosynthesis  Energy building reactions  collect sun energy  make ATP  Sugar building reactions  use ATP for energy  use CO 2 as carbon for new sugars  build sugars  glucose, cellulose, starch  build all other organic molecules  proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, DNA  store energy for future use  starch in seeds & roots

Regents Biology

Photosynthesis This is the equation you are used to seeing, but this is not the whole story… + water + energy  glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 light energy  +++