1.Major developments took place in science and engineering 2. Artists, architects, and writers borrowed ideas from the Greeks

Roman Culture The Romans admired and studied Greek art, architecture, and ideas. Romans placed Greek-style statues in their homes and Greek-style porches and columns in buildings.

The Romans copied the Greeks in many ways but changed what they borrowed to suit their own needs and solve everyday problems. Romans added arches and domes in buildings to provide support Rows of arches build one against one another form a vault.

Roman Aqueducts

Roman concrete was a mixture of volcanic ash, lime, and water and was very strong Romans were the first people to invent and use concrete. Many Roman concrete buildings, such as the Colosseum and the Pantheon, still exists today.

The Collosseum is a huge arena that seated 60,000 people. The Pantheon is a domed temple built to honor Roman gods. It’s domed roof was the largest or it’s time.

The Roman Colosseum m.htm deconstructed

Roman Roads: The Appian Way e-did-it-come-from-ancient-rome--- mobile-society

Roman Art Roman artists admired Greek sculptures which were made to look perfect or idealistic. Roman statues were more realistic however, and included wrinkles, warts, and other less attractive features.

Roman authors based much of their writings on Greek works Roman writer, Virgil drew some of his ideas from Homer’s Odyssey when he wrote his epic poem the Aenied. Roman writer, Ovid, wrote works based on Greek myths. The Aenied describes the adventures of the Trojan prince, Aeneas, and portrays him as the ideal Roman, brave, self-controlled, and loyal to the gods.

Horace wrote satires that poked fun at human weaknesses and odes that expressed strong emotions about life. Catullus, wrote short poems about love, sadness and envy. Roman Poets

Livy wrote his History of Rome to describe Rome’s rise to power and to celebrate Rome’s greatness. Tacitus wrote about the dark side of Roman history believing that Rome’s emperors had taken people’s freedoms and were corrupt. Roman Historians

Roman Playwright, Seneca wrote tragedies. Roman Playwrights, Plautus and Terence, wrote comedies Roman Playwrights

The language of the Romans, Latin, became Europe’s language for government, trade, and learning. Latin became the basis of many modern languages such as, Italian, French, and Spanish. Many English words come from Latin.

The Romans learned from Greek science and engineering. Greek doctor, Galen, emphasized the importance of anatomy, the study of body structure. He cut open dead animals and recorded his findings Astronomer, Ptolemy, studied the sky and mapped over different stars. He studied the motion of planets and created rules explaining their movements. Roman engineers built roads and bridges to connect the empire and aqueducts to bring water into the cities for fountains, bathhouses, and sewer systems to remove waste.

The City of Rome Rome was one of the largest cities in the ancient world with over 1 million people. It was laid out in a square with an open space, called the Forum, at it’s center and temples and public buildings around it. The city of Rome was crowded, noisy, and dirty. People tossed garbage into the street and thieves prowled the streets. Fire was a constant danger because people used torches and lamps for light and cooked with oil.

The rich and poor had very different lives in the Roman Empire. The wealthy lived in large, comfortable houses with fine furniture and beautiful gardens with a center courtyard called an atrium. On country estates they built villas. Most people were poor and lived in one room apartments made of stone and wood that were up to 6 stories high. To keep poor people from rioting, the Roman government provided “bread and circuses” or free grain and shows.

Roman sporting events took place in the Colosseum, amphitheatres, and the Circus Maximus Romans of every class flocked to the Chariot races and gladiator contests Wild beast fights, battles between ships, and gladiator contests attracted Roman spectators by the thousands Most gladiators were enslaved people, criminals, or poor people, but were admired as heroes. Chariot racing was held in the Circus Maximus and the drivers wore team colors of red, white, green, and blue Gladiators fought animals and each other. kdPPC c

Roman families were large and included parents, children, married children and their families, other relatives, and enslaved servants. Roman families were called paterfamilias and the father was the head of the household with complete control over family members. Paterfamilias punished disobedient children, arranged marriages, and made sure children were educated.

Education for Roman Children Wealthy Romans hired tutors to teach their young children at home. Older boys went to school. Girls studied reading, writing, and household duties at home. Boys learned reading, writing, and rhetoric, or public speaking. Poor Romans could not afford to send their children to school or hire tutors.

Between ages 14 and 16, Roman boys celebrated becoming a man and began wearing a toga. He burned his toys and offered them to the gods. He could then enter the family business, become a soldier, or work in government. Girls did not become adults until they married. Women usually wore a long robe and cloak called a palla.

For most slaves, life was miserable. Slaves often rebelled. Slavery was part of Roman life from early times and grew as the Romans added more territory. Prisoners were brought to Italy and by 100 B.C., 40 percent of the people in Italy were enslaved. Enslaved people did many different jobs. They worked in homes, fields, mines, workshops and built roads, bridges, and aqueducts. Enslaved Greeks were well educated and served as teachers, doctors, and artisans.

Who was Spartacus? The revolt was crushed and Spartacus was crucified with 6,000 of his followers. In 73 B.C., a gladiator named Spartacus led a slave revolt with a force of 70,000 enslaved people who defeated several Roman armies.

The ancient Romans worshiped many gods and goddesses and believed that spirits lived in natural things such as trees and rivers. Greek gods and goddesses were given Roman names.

Romans honored their gods and goddesses by praying and offering food. Roman homes had alters for these rituals. Government officials made offerings in temples. As the empire grew, Romans came into contact with other religions. this was allowed as long as they did not threaten the government. Those religions who did were punished. Christianity was one.

What architectural details do you see in your community?

Roman Poets and Historians.

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