Early Beginnings. 1957 – Sputnik I is launched by USSR Jan. 1958 – 1 st US satellite Explorer I is launched Oct. 1958 – NASA is formed April 1959 – Mercury.

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Presentation transcript:

Early Beginnings

1957 – Sputnik I is launched by USSR Jan – 1 st US satellite Explorer I is launched Oct – NASA is formed April 1959 – Mercury Program begins “The Mercury Seven” are chosen: Carpenter, Cooper, Glenn, Grissom, Shepard, Schirra, Slayton

Objective: To orbit a manned spacecraft around Earth; To investigate man's ability to function in space; To recover both man and spacecraft safely Jan – “Ham” the Chimpanzee and “The Golden Three” are selected: John Glenn, Virgil Gus Grissom, Alan Shepard April 1961 – Alan Shepard chosen to be first in Space BUT Yuri Gagarin wins 1 st race May 1961 – Mercury 3 - Alan Shepard (15 min. Suborbital flight that successfully put the first American in space.) In a speech to Congress on May 25, 1961, President John F. Kennedy stated, "I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth.” Sept – “The Next Nine” Armstrong, Borman, Conrad, Lovell, McDivitt, See, Stafford, White, Young.

Objective: To subject man and equipment to space flight up to two weeks in duration. To rendezvous and dock with orbiting vehicles and to maneuver the docked combination by using the target vehicle's propulsion system; To perfect methods of entering the atmosphere and landing at a preselected point on land. (12 flights) Oct – Shepard and Glenn retire October- Group 3 Astronaut Selection (The Fourteen): Aldrin, Anders, Bassett, Bean, Cernan, Chaffee, Collins, Cunningham, Eisele, Freeman, Gordon, Schweickart, Scott, Williams. March 23, Gemini 3 -Gus Grissom, Commander John Young, Pilot ( 4 hours, 52 minutes 31 seconds – 1st manned Gemini flight, three orbits) Nov – Gemini Program ends after 12 missions

Objective: The lunar missions were designed to launch on a Saturn V rocket. The first two stages of the Saturn V would boost the craft into space, and the third stage would put Apollo into an earth parking orbit and then fire a second time to send Apollo toward the moon. The Apollo spacecraft consisted of a command module that carried the three astronauts; a service module that held much of the water, oxygen, and fuel; and the lunar module, which was designed to bring two astronauts to the surface of the moon Jan Electrical wires ignite a flash fire onboard the Apollo 1 capsule during a pre launch test at the Kennedy Space Center. Astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee are killed. April Vladimir Komarov is killed during the Soyuz 1 mission. Oct Apollo 7 -Wally Schirra, Commander(Saturn V Rocket test) Dec Apollo 8 -Frank Borman, Commander(reached & orbited moon) March Apollo 9 -Jim McDivitt, Commander ( tested lunar module) May 18, Apollo 10 - Tom Stafford, Commander (tested lunar module)

July 16, Apollo 11 - Neil Armstrong, Commander, Mike Collins, CM Pilot Buzz Aldrin, LM Pilot July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong becomes the first human to walk on the moon. “One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind” April Apollo 13 - Jim Lovell, Commander,Jack Swigert, CM Pilot Fred Haise, LM Pilot (The explosion of an oxygen tank) Dec Apollo 17 - Dec. 14, Gene Cernan leaves the last human footprints on the moon – Project Apollo ends The total cost of the Apollo program was $20 billion