1. US Lunar Exploration

2. Ranger Missions 1961-1964 first close-up look at the lunar surface first six of 9 missions failed transmitted television pictures of the lunar surface during the final minutes until their impact there

3. Project Mercury 1961 - 1963 first US manned spaceflights 1 st US astronaut in space: –Alan Shepard May 5, 1961 2 nd US astronaut in space: –Gus Grissom July 21, 1961 3 rd US astronaut in space: –John Glenn Feb. 20, 1962 –first to orbit the Earth three other missions flew –get into space –study “weightlessness” –return safely

4. Kennedy’s Challenge – Sept. 1962

5. Surveyor 1966 - 1968 develop basic techniques for soft- landing on the Moon survey potential Apollo landing sites obtain photographs and other scientific information seven Surveyors launched, five landed successfully

6. Lunar Orbiter 1966 - 1967 Photographed ~95% of the Moon to aid in the selection of landing sites for Apollo astronauts five Lunar Orbiters were launched

7. Gemini 1965 and 1966 ten missions flew –spent up to two weeks in orbit –dock with another spacecraft –perfect Earth re-entry and landing first US spacewalk by the time Gemini ended, the Americans were catching up with or even surpassing the Russians

8. Apollo 1967 - 1972 Objectives –Land a man on the Moon and return safely to the Earth –Collect rock and soil samples 12 missions –1 launch pad accident (1) –1 Earth-orbit test flight –9 flights to Moon –1 in-flight accident (13) –6 landings

9. Saturn V Rocket 363 feet tall Over 6 million pounds, mostly fuel (kerosene and oxygen) 33 foot diameter 7.7 million pounds of thrust Developed by Werner von Braun

10. Apollo 1 Jan. 1967 Fire broke out during launch pad test of capsule All three astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White, & Roger Chaffee were killed

11. Apollo 8, 9, and 10 Apollo 8: first manned flight around the Moon Apollo 9: Earth-orbit flight with first lander test Apollo 10: complete landing rehearsal, flew within 50,000 feet of Moon’s surface

12. Apollo 11 July 16, 1969 launch Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins Landed on Moon on July 20, 1969 Collected 47 pounds of rocks in about 2 ½ hours Returned to Earth safely July 24 th Armstrong first to set foot on Moon’s surface: “That’s one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind.”

13. Apollo 15 Introduced the lunar rover Three moon walks conducted Total of 18 hrs 33 min on surface

14. Apollo 17 Last of the Apollo missions Included the first scientist, geologist Harrison “Jack” Schmitt Spent 22 hrs on the Moon’s surface Left Moon’s surface on Dec. 14, 1972

15. Clementine 1994 Mission was to test lightweight instruments and components for the next generation of spacecraft designed to complete a two- month mapping mission in orbit around the Moon then fly past an asteroid instruments would help determine the mineral content of these objects

16. Prospector 1998 launched in Jan. 1998 one-year mission polar orbit primary mission dedicated to globally mapping lunar resources, gravity, and magnetic fields, and even outgassing events found somewhere between 10 to 300 million tons of water-ice scattered inside the craters of the lunar poles