Sinification Korea, Japan, Vietnam

Korea The most Sinified Cultural hegemony –Confucianism –Law codes –Bureaucratic administration –Literature –Art –Mahayana Buddhism Up through the 20 th century had to accept –Chinese political dominance –Pay tribute

Celadon Pottery Borrowed –Iron technology –Paper production –Printing –Lacquer work –Porcelain –Wheat and rice agriculture –Ideographs of written language

Japan Shinto— –Respect for nature –Ancestor worship –Kami = divine spirits that dwelled in nature Chinese influence 7 th -9 th centuries borrowing from China peaked Syncretism of Shinto with Buddhism

Yamato Period Promoted adoption of Chinese culture: Confucianism Language—kanji characters Buddhist sects Chinese art and architecture Government structure

Heian Period Growth of large estates Little social mobility Art and literature flourished Court culture = Etiquette –Lived in complex of palaces and gardens –Basis of life=aesthetic enjoyment –Avoidance of common elements Poetry valued art form The Tale of the Genjii —first novel Moving away from Chinese in the arts, religion, and government

Heian Period Cultural Borrowing Chinese writing Chinese artistic styles Buddhism—Zen NOT the Civil Service Exam

Heian Court Dress

Prayers, Thoughts, Wishes at Shinto Shrine

Vietnam Chinese control 2 nd century BCE – 10 th century CE Love/Hate relationship Chinese brought – ideograph script, Confucian principles and literary classics, and Buddhism [Mahayana not Theravada] Confucian bureaucracy established – dominated by aristocracy Chinese agricultural technology – –Dams, human fertilizer, market gardening, and pig farming Military organization followed Chinese influence counterbalanced Indian influences and separates them from other Southeast Asian peoples

Women had more freedom –Trung sisters rebellion in 39 CE –Evicted Chinese and ruled for two years when revolt crushed –Committed suicide After independence became a Confucian state with examination system