America’s Boating Course 3rd Edition Anchoring Chapter 3 Section 10 Chapter 3 - Section 10 Presented by the St Paul Sail and Power Squadron 1 1

The Correct Anchor Select by: Size boat Type boat Type seabed Wind & current Many boats which customarily anchor will carry several anchors. One reason for this is the different types of sea beds encountered (mud, hard and rocky sea grass etc.) Another reason is getting your primary anchor stuck and not being able to retrieve it and have to abandon it Paragraphs 2 -14 2 2

Fortress Aluminum Anchor The Correct Anchor Fortress Aluminum Anchor Boat Size Anchor Weight Fluke Length Overall Size Cost 16-27’ 4lb 14” 24x19 140 28-32’ 7lb 16” 27x22 175 33-38’ 10lb 18” 31x25 250 39-45’ 15lb 21” 36x29 360 46-51’ 21lb 24” 40x32 500 52-58’ 32lb 27” 46x37 700 59-68’ 47lb 30” 51x41 1200 69’+ 69lb 33” 56x49 1500 Many boats which customarily anchor will carry several anchors. One reason for this is the different types of sea beds encountered (mud, hard and rocky sea grass etc.) Another reason is getting your primary anchor stuck and not being able to retrieve it and have to abandon it Paragraphs 2 -14 3 3

Anchor Parts Shackle Flukes Shank Nylon Rode Chain Rode Thimble There are several parts of the anchoring system to inspect periodically. One is the anchor itself. Is it distorted in some way? Are the flukes straight? Is the shackle pin free from corrosion and is it wired so it cannot back out? Is the chain itself long enough and is it in good mechanical shape/ Is the shackle from the chain to the nylon rode wired shut and free from corrosion Paragraphs 15-16 Connects boat to anchor – part chain, part rope Size for boat & conditions Length based on depth and conditions Use depth markers on rope Chain: stronger, no chaffing, keeps rode on bottom Rope: lighter, strectches, shock absorber, chaffs Combination: chain near anchor – rope back to boat Size rope & chain correctly Shakles are the weak link Safety wire shackle pin Prevent chaffing of rode Shackle Stock 4 4

Types of Anchors Type of Anchors Danforth Plow Others 5 The mushroom anchor is used as a permanent mooring but it is a good idea to have it inspected by a diver to determine it is still well dug in and that all shackles and chain are wired and show no corrosion. The use of the grapnel is usually not for holding a vessel in a storm. Paragraphs 17 -35C 5 5

‘Danforth’-type Anchor Lightweight Stow flat For sand & mud Not for grass & rocks A Danforth stows easily on deck and is very good for sand and mud and is a popular anchor. Paragraph 22-28 6 6

Plow-type Anchor Single fluke 3 dimensional Stow in chock or roller Digs thru weeds & sand Holds on rocks May be hard to retrieve – use trip line The plow or CQR anchor must stow in a roller on deck and should be secured in that roller so it does not jump out in a heavy sea. It will penetrate weeds but be careful of deep mud. The use of a trip line is recommended for a plow or a Bruce anchor, Paragraph 29 - 35C 7 7

COMPATIBILITY WITH WINDLASS LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION The Correct Rode – CHARACTERISTICS – STRENGTH STRETCH WEIGHT ABRASION RESISTANCE COMPATIBILITY WITH WINDLASS LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION ROT RESISTANCE AFFORTABILITY Rode Attributes: STRENGTH – SO IT CAN RESIST TREMENDOUS TENSION STRETCH – SO IT CAN ABOSRB THE JERKING MOTION CAUSED BY WIND AND WAVE WEIGHT – SO THE PULL ON THE NACHOR IS HORIZONTAL AND NOT UPWARD ABRASION RESISTANCE – SO IT DOES NOT GET WORN BY ROCKS OR CORAL COMPATIBILITY WITH WINDLASSES – SO YOU CAN UTILIZE THEM TO WEIGH ANCHOR LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION – SO THE TRIM OF YOUR BOAT IS NOT AFFECTED ROT RESISTANCE – SO YOU DON’T HAVE TO REPLACE IT FREQUENTLY AFFORDABILITY – SO YOU CAN AFFORD TO GO BOATING Rode Types: ALL NYLON ALL CHAIN COMBINATION 8 8

Shackles: 1 size larger than chain The Correct Rode Rope Chain Runabout Day Cruiser Trawlers 3-Strand Nylon PC BBB HT < 30’ < 27’ < 24’ 3/8” 3/16” 31-35’ 28-32’ 25-28’ 7/16” 1/4” 36-40’ 32-36’ 29-32’ 1/2” 41-45’ 37-40’ 33-36’ 9/16” 5/16” 5/8” 41-48’ 3/4” 49-56’ 7/8” 57-64’ 1” PC – proof coil – made from low carbon steel, does not have a uniform pitch and does not work with an anchor windlass. BBB – use to be the most popular type for windlass design, has a uniform pitch. HT – preferred chain and has twice the working load of BBB. Shackles: 1 size larger than chain 9 9

Scope Length of line from boat to anchor; also Ratio: length of line to vertical distance Paragraph 44 Determine scope: measure water depth plus boat height Scope is a multiple – 5x – light, 7x – normal, 10x heavy conditions THE BOW OF YOUR BOAT IS 3-FEET ABOVE THE WATER, THE WATER IS CALM AND 10-FEET DEEP, ABOUT HOW MANY FEET OF ANCHOR LINE SHOULD YOU LET OUT? – 91 FEET 10 10

Survey Anchorage Carefully Anchoring Techniques Survey Anchorage Carefully Depth? Bottom? Wind & current? Tide? Clearance? Paragraph 69 – 72 WHAT SHOULD YOU DO TO AVOID CAPSIZING OR SWAMPING? – ANCHOR FROM THE STERM, RQATHER THAN THE BOW 11 11

Anchoring Techniques Line attached to crown of anchor CQR, Delta, claw anchors have eye for a trip line Attach other end of line to float Line just long enough to expose float at high tide Indicates position of anchor to other boats When you use the trip line for recovery, pull your anchor by the back and avoid fouling by any debris such as sunken logs. WHEN FISHING FROM A BOAT ON A RIVER, WHERE IS THE SAFEST PLACE ON THE BOAT TO TIE OFF THE ANCHOR LINE? - BOW 12 12

Anchoring Techniques Setting the Anchor 7:1 scope 84ft 12ft WIND CURRENT 7:1 scope 84ft 12ft Setting the anchor: CLICK Power/sail into wind or current to anchor point, determine scope needed CLICK Lower anchor CLICK Drift/power backwards letting out rode CLICK Cleat rode and apply power to set anchor CLICK Take bearings or set anchor alarm. 13 13

Anchoring Techniques Retrieving the Anchor WIND CURRENT 14 Approach anchor slowly CLICK Take in & stow rode CLICK When over anchor, pull to free If stuck – cleat line – power over & past anchor location, take in rode 14 14

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