Food for Animals Test Review

1. What are the three major groups of food molecules recognized by scientists? CARBOHYDRATES, FATS, AND PROTEINS

Fat Molecule Picture of molecule Subunits Protein Carbohydrate SIMPLE CARB

3. In what molecule do animals store glucose for energy? GLYCOGEN

COMPLEX—CHAINS OF GLUCOSE 4. What is the difference between the two major groups of carbohydrates? SIMPLE CARBS—GLUCOSE-THE SUBUNIT OF ALL CARBS COMPLEX—CHAINS OF GLUCOSE

HOW DO YOU KNOW IT’S THE BONDS AND NOT THE ATOMS? 5. Where is the energy stored in the molecules that we eat?? IN THE BONDS EXTENSION ? HOW DO YOU KNOW IT’S THE BONDS AND NOT THE ATOMS?

6. What process provides energy in animal cells? CELLULAR RESPIRATION

(+ energy) 7. What is the equation for cellular respiration? 6O2 + C6H12O6 => 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ energy)

a. CO2 Increase b. O2 Decrease c. C6H12O6 Decrease d. H2O Increase 8. Circle increase, decrease, or stays the same for each molecule when we burn a marshmallow in a container. a. CO2 Increase b. O2 Decrease c. C6H12O6 Decrease d. H2O Increase

a. The glucose molecules expand and float away into the air. 9. TRUE OR FALSE a. The glucose molecules expand and float away into the air. FALSE—THE SUGAR DIDN’T GET BIGGER—IT WAS BROKEN APART AND BECAME CO2

9. TRUE OR FALSE b. The oxygen atoms of the glucose molecule fed the fire, and the hydrogen atoms of the glucose molecule became the fire. FALSE—THE OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN ATOMS WERE ALL ACCOUNTED FOR AT THE END

TRUE-- 6O2 + C6H12O6 => 6CO2 + 6H2O 9. TRUE OR FALSE c. The hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the glucose molecule floated away as gases, but the carbon atoms stayed behind. FALSE—THE CARBON WAS REASSEMBLED INTO CO2 d. The glucose molecules combined with oxygen molecules and formed water molecules and carbon dioxide molecules. TRUE-- 6O2 + C6H12O6 => 6CO2 + 6H2O

TRUE-- 6O2 + C6H12O6 => 6CO2 + 6H2O 9. TRUE OR FALSE e. The glucose molecules combined with carbon dioxide molecules and became water and oxygen. FALSE—OXYGEN WAS USED, NOT PRODUCED f. Carbon dioxide is produced when glucose burns TRUE-- 6O2 + C6H12O6 => 6CO2 + 6H2O

TRUE-- 6O2 + C6H12O6 => 6CO2 + 6H2O 9. TRUE OR FALSE g. Oxygen is produced when glucose burns FALSE—OXYGEN WAS USED, NOT PRODUCED h. Water is produced when glucose burns TRUE-- 6O2 + C6H12O6 => 6CO2 + 6H2O

10. Describe the transfer of energy in cellular respiration, including what percentage of the energy is transferred to each receiver. 60% IS LOST AS THERMAL ENERGY TO THE ENVIRONMENT 40% IS TRANSFERRED TO CELLS AS ATP/USEFUL—WHICH IS TRANSFERRED TO A MUSCLE/ORGAN AS KINETIC-WHICH IS THEN LOST AS THERMAL ENERGY TO THE ENVIRONMENT

11. Is matter ever converted to energy? Explain your answer. NEVER. THE ATOMS (MATTER) ARE ALL PRESENT AT THE END OF A REACTION. ENERGY IS IN THE BONDS

12. In the end, what is all of our energy from Carbohydrates transformed into (what form)? Explain THERMAL ENERGY. ATP/USEFUL ENERGY IS CONVERTED TO KINETIC ENERGY. ANY TIME THERE IS MOVEMENT (KINETIC ENERGY) THERMAL ENERGY IS RELEASED

THE C, H, AND O ATOMS WERE REARRANGED INTO CO2 AND H2O. 13. After a marshmallow was burned OR when sugar was used in our cells—where did the sugar go (the matter—the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen)? THE C, H, AND O ATOMS WERE REARRANGED INTO CO2 AND H2O.

14. A MOUSE EATS RICE. HOW DO THEY WIND UP WITH GLYCOGEN STORED IN THEIR CELLS IF THEY ATE STARCH? THE STARCH WAS BROKEN DOWN IN THE STOMACH/SMALL INTESTINE TO GLUCOSE. THE GLUCOSE CROSSED INTO THE BLOOD AND WAS TAKEN TO THE CELLS. THE GLUCOSE MOVED INTO THE CELLS AND WAS REASSEMBLED INTO GLYCOGEN

15 A) Explain what happens to the matter (carbon) in the food as it is taken in by the cricket and used to power the jumping. Include any changes in the form of the matter. Matter diagram(s) may be helpful STARCH/FOOD—GLUCOSE/STOMACH—GLUCOSE/BLOOD—GLUCOSE/CELLS—CO2/CELLS—CO2/BLOOD—CO2/LUNGS—CO2/ENVIRONMENT

thermal 60% environment ATP in cell environment Muscle cell/fibers 40% U chemical thermal kinetic B) Explain what happens to the Energy in the food as it is taken in by the cricket and used to power the jumping. Include any changes in the form of the energy. Energy diagram(s) may be helpful

Extension Do we have to eat all the types of proteins we need Extension Do we have to eat all the types of proteins we need? (Do we have to eat enzymes to get enzymes, etc) Explain WE CAN EAT ANY PROTEIN. PROTEINS ARE MADE OF AMINO ACIDS. DIGESTION BREAKS THE PROTEIN INTO AMINO ACIDS—AND THEY ARE REASSEMBLED INTO WHATEVER WE NEED IN THE CELL