Security and Defence Policy of the State Security and defence as functions and attributes of the state

Aim of the lecture To explain the function of the State in creation of security and defense policy To draft the main characteristic of the State in the role of provider of security

State and provision of security Task of the state is to protect individual rights and freedoms of the individual (citizen), protecting them by law, which is valid, enforceable and enforced for all In order for the state to fulfill its basic function, it must ensure its own survival In an international environment, there is no arbiter, which would guarantee peaceful settlement of disputes through law and courts. There is no law which would be valid and enforceable to all equally, regardless of their current power

State and provision of security The State must ensure its own safety and build an army for extreme cases The main task of the army is to ensure survival of the state Every army is essentially a tool designed for the exercise of state power

State and provision of security The question is, how much should the State invest in tools for protection of its own defence and security ? Every state has a different political and economical limits and differences are on the level of threats and risks. Every state logically pays a significantly different attention to different issues (e.g. Israel vs. Liechtenstein)

State and provision of security we can find in ideological concepts of security and defence provision different solutions to this question : Militaristic approach Civic approach Professional approach other

State and provision of security Measures taken to ensure national security include: Use of diplomacy to rally allies and isolate threats marshalling economic power to facilitate or compel cooperation maintaining effective armed forces Implementing civil defense and emergency preparedness measures ensuring the resilience and redundancy of critical infrastructure

Imperative resources for provision of security Demographic factors governmental ability to use state potential in foreign policy, ability to balance the potential and the aims of foreign policy, and ability to gain approval for this policy in public Level of diplomacy Level of armed forces Level of moral and public support for national interests

Function of the state in the field of defense and security Build, maintain and develop military power of state ( quality and quantity of armed forces) Interest of the State is to create military potential sufficient for defense and promoting of national interest, but simultaneously such, which does not harm other sectors (especially economy, e.g. former Soviet Union, North Korea)

State attributes State is a political unit defined by its bounderies, population and sovereign government Territory Area ( large area does not necessarily mean advantage) Location (seaside and landlocked country) Shape, frontiers Natural resources International recognition Essential for effective foreign policy, not important inside of the state (Kosovo, Abchazia, South Ossetia, North Cyprus ) Important is recognition by superpowers

State attributes Population Quantity (proportionality to the area) quality Demographic structure Education Homogeinity

State attributes State power Effectiveness (ability to collect taxes and enforce state policy on the whole territory) Centralization/decentralization Mobility and effectiveness of police and security forces Level of corruption Political system (democratic/nondemocratic)