SCIENTIFIC WRITING FOR INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION

BENEFITS OF GETTING OUR WORK PUBLISHED 1.To get cited. 2.To receive scholarly feedback. 3.To give your research findings scientific value. 4.To protect your research paper against plagiarism.

5.To increase your credibility for research funding. 6.To gain personal satisfaction.

REASONS FOR REJECTION 1.Poor conceptualization 2.Flawed methodological choices 3.Do not contribute to the body of knowledge 4.Poorly written

SCIENTIFIC WRITING PRINCIPLES B.O.S.S.

BRIEF ORGANIZED SIMPLE SUBSTANTIAL

BRIEF Many have made the wise observation that when a stone is in motion rolling down a hill or incline, that moving stone is not as likely to be covered all over with the kind of thick green moss that grows on stationary unmoving things and becomes a nuisance and suggests that those things haven’t moved in along time and probably won’t move any time soon.

A rolling stone gathers no moss.

People who experienced traveling a lot…. Experienced travellers… Persons who have obtained education Educated persons…

There are four rules that should be observed. Four rules should be observed. There are now participants in the venue. Participants are now in the venue.

The report gave an analysis of the accident The report analysed the accident. The function of this department is the collection of accounts. The department collects accounts.

A discovery of the first Neanderthal was made by anthropologists. ( 10) Anthropologists discovered the first Neanderthal. (5) Authorization for my absence was given by the leader. (9) The leader authorized my absence. (5)

He was hardly able to walk. (6) He staggered. (2) He left the room as quickly as possible. (8) He ran out. (3)

For all intent and purposes, American industrial productivity generally depends on certain factors that are really more psychological in kind than of any given technological aspects. (26 words)

American industrial productivity generally depends more on psychological than technological factors. (11 words)

Figure 17 shows the average number of visits per bird. On average, 15 visits per bird was observed. (18) Data (Figure 17) revealed 15 visits per bird on average. (10)

The mean of 3.25 for the boys was higher than the mean of 3.00 for the girls in the sample. The boys scored higher overall (M=3.25) than the girls (M=3.00).

ORGANIZED

SIMPLE The smallest of the URF's (URFA6L), a 207-nucleotide (nt) reading frame overlapping out of phase the NH 2 -terminal portion of the adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) subunit 6 gene has been identified as the animal equivalent of the recently discovered yeast H + -ATPase subunit 8 gene.

SUBSTANTIAL

TIPS 1.Use the past tense. 2.It should be self-contained. 3.Nothing should be in it that is not included in the main text. 4.It should not contain in-text references.

5.Avoid using technical terms, acronyms, abbreviations, or symbols. 6.It should be written as a single paragraph. 7. Avoid copy-and-paste technique. 8.Keep it concise.

WRITING THE INTRODUCTION Element 1: Setting or context for the problem Element 2: Information already known

GENERIC APPROACH TO SYNTHESIZING Previous studies have addressed several aspects of [topic]: (1) ____ [cite two or three relevant articles], (2) ______ [cite two or three relevant articles], and (3) _____ [cite two or three relevant articles].

TIPS 1.Be selective. 2.Use quotes sparingly. 3.Keep your own voice. 4.Use an appropriate referencing style. 5.Summarize and synthesize.

Element 3: Gap Element 4: Purpose/Objectives Element 5: Value of the study (optional)

WRITING THE RESULTS DISCUSSION SECTION 1.Present the salient points only. 2.Locate the table/figure where the results are found. 3.Explain the results in depth. 4.Refer to related literature. 5.Acknowledge the limitations of the study.

6.Give the implications of thestudy in the context of a broader filed. 7.Recommend for future research and/or practical applications.